Important Historical Events
黄埔军校的建立
The Establishment of Whampoa Military Academy
The Kuomintang Army Officer Academy， also known as the Whampoa Military Academy， was a military academy of the Republic of China (ROC) which produced many prestigious commanders who fought in many of China’s conflicts in the 20th century， notably the Northern Expedition， the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War.
国民党陆军军官学校即黄埔军校， 是中华民国的一所军校，有很多杰出的将领出自这所学校。20世纪，他们参加过很多发生在中国的战争，如著名的北伐战争、抗日战争和中国内战。
Whampoa Military Academy was officially opened on May 1， 1924， but the first lessons began on June 16， 1924. The inauguration was on Changzhou Island offshore from the Whampoa (Huangpu) dock in Guangzhou， thus earning its name. During the inaugural ceremonies， Sun Yat-sen delivered a speech that was later to become the lyrics of the national anthem of the Republic of China and he proclaimed the motto of the academy as literally “Fraternity， Dexterity， Sincerity”.
黄埔军校正式成立于1924年1月， 但一直到1924年6月才开课。学校的开幕典礼是在离广州黄埔码头很近的长洲岛上举行的，黄埔军校的名字也由此而来。孙中山先生在开幕典礼上的演讲词成为日后中华民国国歌，并将黄埔军校的校训拟为“亲爱
精诚”。
Establishment 建立
After the death of Yuan Shikai， China fragmented into numerous fiefdoms ruled by warlords. Sun Yat-sen attempted in 1917 and 1920 to set up a base in his native Guangdong to launch a northern campaign to unite China under his Three Principles of the People. However， his government remained militarily weaker than local warlords armies. Calls by Sun for arms and money were ignored by the western powers. Then in 1921 the representative of Comintern， Henk Sneevliet met with Sun in Guangxi. He proposed setting up a military academy to train the revolutionary army， which confirmed Sun’s ideas and he eventually accepted. The Chinese Communist Party sent Li Dazhao and Lin Boqu to discuss with Sun on how to set up the academy. In 1924， in the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang， the policy of alliance with the Soviet Union and CCP was passed as guidance for KMT. As a result， the final decision of establishment of a military academy was made and preparatory committee was set up accordingly. The money necessary for the construction and support of the Academy in 1924-1925 was provided by the Soviets.
袁世凯死后，中国四分五裂，无数军阀割据。1917年和1920年，孙中山试图在三民主义的倡导下于广州本地建立基地，发动统一中国的北方战役。然而，其政府的军事实力远弱于地方割据武装。而西方列强对孙中山筹集武器和经费的呼吁置之不理。
1921年，共产国际代表马林与孙中山在广西会面。马林提议建立一个军事学院以培养革命军，这证实了孙中山的想法，也最终被他采纳。
中国共产党派李大钊和林伯渠与孙中山讨论军校建立问题。1924年，国民党第一次代表大会召开，通过了联俄联共政策，并将其作为国民党的指导方针。最终做出了建立军事院校的决策，筹备委员会也因此建立。1924年到1925年间由苏联提供建校资金和支持。
Organization， training and students 组织、训练和学生
In the beginning， the Academy had only one department which provided soldiers with basic training. While the main Academy goal was preparation of infantry units， it also provided special classes for artillery， engineering， communication， logistical and machine gun units. A special department for preparation of politicians was established later.
最初学校只有一个院系，对士兵进行基本训练。学校主要目标是装备步兵部队，也为炮兵，工程兵，通信兵，后勤部队和机关枪部队提供专业课程。之后还为培养政治家开办一个特别的学院。
The academy concentrated the revolutionary military talents at the time. Sun took the job of Premier of this academy in person although it was just an honorary title. Sun’s favorite and rising star Chiang Kai-shek was appointed the first commandant of the academy. Liao Zhongkai， the famous leftist in the Kuomintang and Sun’s treasury secretary， was appointed as representative of KMT to the academy. Zhou Enlai， Hu Han-min and Wang Ching-wei were the instructors in the political department. He Yingqin and Ye Jianying were once military instructors.
当时学校很重视革命军事人才。孙中山亲自担任黄埔军校总理，尽管只是一个荣誉头衔。蒋介石是孙中山最喜爱的后起之秀，被任命为黄埔军校第一任校长。
廖仲恺是国民党著名的左派分子，也是孙中山的财政部长，被任命为黄埔军校的国民党代表。周恩来、胡汉民、汪精卫是政治学院的教员。何应钦和叶剑英曾任教官。
The serious lack of expert teachers was the biggest problem for the Academy. That is why lectures delivered by Soviet officers were extremely popular with students. They explained the development of military thought throughout human history and the division between western and Soviet schools of military thought. Vasily Blyukher， Commander of Soviet volunteer forces，taught different military subjects in the Academy using their broad experience gained during the Russian Civil War. The first students prepared by the Academy became the core for the formation of the first National Revolutionary Army regiments， which included 500 officers.
专家教师的严重缺乏是黄埔军校面临的最大问题。也因此，苏联教官的讲座在学生中极其受欢迎。他们纵观人类历史，讲述了军事思想的发展以及西方和苏联院校军事思想的分歧。
瓦西里·布留赫尔是苏联志愿军的指挥官，苏联教官运用他们在俄国内战中获得的丰富经验在军校教授各种军事科目。黄埔军校培养的首届学生成为首批国民革命军的核心组成， 其中有500名军官。
Legendary graduates include Nationalist commanders Chen Cheng， Du Yuming， Xue Yue， Hu Zongnan and Guan Linzheng and Communist commanders Lin Biao， Xu Xiangqian， Zuo Quan， Liu Zhidan and Chen Geng. The young cadets first showed their capacity and courage in the war against local warlord and dissident of Sun， Chen Jiongming and later the unification of Guangdong province. Then they made greater contributions in the Northern Expedition.
带有传奇色彩的毕业生有国民党指挥官陈诚、杜聿明、薛岳、胡宗南和关麟征，共产党指挥官林彪、徐向前、左权、刘志丹和陈赓。在之后与当地军阀，与孙中山持不同政见者陈炯明以及统一广东的战斗中，这些年轻的士官开始显现出他们的能力和勇气。在北伐中，他们做出了更大的贡献。
Influence 影响
The Whampoa Military Academy plays an important role in Chinese history. Although it is primarily a military academy aiming to train military elites like the United States Military Academy， it has exerted broad influence on Chinese history. It not only supplied many military commanders for both the KMT and CCP， but also its graduates have much more influence on both parties’ policies and governance.
黄埔军校在中国历史上发挥着重要的作用。尽管最初，如美国的军事院校，它是一所旨在培养军事精英学校，但是它对中国历史有深刻的影响。它不仅为国民党和共产党培养了很多军事指挥官，还对两党政策和制国产生更大影响。
