Karl Marx
卡尔·马克思
马克思是全世界无产阶级的伟大导师、科学共产主义的创始人。伟大的政治家、哲学家、经济学家、革命理论家。主要著作有《资本论》、《共产党宣言》等。他是无产阶级的精神领袖，是近代共产主义运动的弄潮儿。
About Marx
关于马克思
Karl Heinrich Marx was a Prussian philosopher， political economist， and revolutionary。 Marx addressed a wide range of issues； he is most famous for his analysis of history， summed up in the opening line of the introduction to the Communist Manifesto （1848）： “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles。” Marx believed that capitalism would be replaced by socialism which in turn would bring about communism。
Marx was both a scholar and a political activist， often called the father of communism。 Sometimes， he argued that his analysis of capitalism revealed that capitalism was destined to end because of unsolvable problems within it：
“The development of Modern Industry， therefore， cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie produces and appropriates products。 What the bourgeoisie therefore produces， above all， are its own grave－diggers。 Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable。 ”
—（The Communist Manifesto）
Other times， he argued that capitalism would end through the organized actions of an international working class： “Communism is for us not a state of affairs which is to be established， an ideal to which reality ［will］ have to adjust itself。 We call communism the real movement which abolishes the present state of things。 The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence。” （from The German Ideology）While Marx was a relatively obscure figure in his own lifetime， his ideas began to exert a major influence on workers’ movements shortly after his death。 This influence was given added impetus by the victory of the Marxist Bolsheviks in the Russian October Revolution， and there are few parts of the world which were not significantly touched by Marxian ideas in the course of the twentieth century。 The relation of Marx to “Marxism” is a point of controversy。 While some argue that his ideas are discredited， Marxism remains influential in academic and political circles。 In his book “Marx’s ‘Das Kapital’” （2006）， biographer Francis Wheen reiterates David McLellan’s observation that since Marx’s ideas had not triumphed in the West。 “It had not been turned into an official ideology and is thus the object of serious study unimpeded by government controls。”
马克思最广为人知的哲学理论是他对于人类历史进程中阶级斗争的分析。他认为这几千年来，人类发展史上最大矛盾与问题就在于不同阶级的利益掠夺与斗争。依据历史唯物论，马克思大胆地假设，资本主义终将被共产主义取代。
马克思主义在20世纪初到20世纪中叶，借由列宁及其革命同志创立的苏联的大力传播达到了巅峰。在这段期间马克思主义在当代的解释似乎受到许多学者的疑问与争议。而马克思主义作为近代最著名也是影响最深远的哲学理论之一，其学说仍然活跃在学术界的各领域，学说的精神也不时地被运用到各国政府的施政方向。而在21世纪的今天，世界上仍有许多国家以马克思主义为其国家或政党的基本主义与基本方针，如中华人民共和国、越南、老挝、朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、古巴、尼泊尔共产党等等。
Key words ＆ Sentences
关键词句全知道
Karl Marx was buried in London。
卡尔·马克思安葬在伦敦。
Karl Marx was born on May 5th， 1818 in Germany。
卡尔·马克思于1818年5月5日出生在德国。
Karl Marx must be somewhere standing up in his grave cheering。
卡尔·马克思一定正站在某处他的坟墓中欢呼。
In the years that followed Karl Marx kept on learning English。
在随后的几年里，卡尔·马克思坚持学习英语。
Karl Marx’s works are the treasure of the revolutionary people。
卡尔·马克思的著作是革命人民的宝贵财富。
Karl Marx’s magnum opus “The Capital” includes abundant ideas of human capital。
马克思的巨著《资本论》中的有关理论包涵着丰富的人力资本思想。
At Oxford University he was drawn to a different universal message， that of Karl Marx。
在牛津大学，他的兴趣转向了一个不同的普世理论——马克思主义。
This paper tries to study Karl Marx’s historical materialistic justice thoughts。
本文试图探讨马克思历史唯物主义的正义思想。
I agree totally Karl Marx on this point， that religion has been the opium of the poor。
在这点上，我完全同意卡尔·马克思，宗教已成为穷人的精神鸦片。
At Trier 150 Nazis broke into Marx House， where Karl Marx was born， and hoisted on it the Swastika flag。
在特里尔，150个纳粹分子闯入马克思的诞生地，在那里升起了纳粹党旗帜。
Karl Marx is buried in Highgate cemetery。
卡尔·马克思埋葬在海格特墓地。
How is Senator Obama not being a Marxist if he intends to spread the wealth around·
奥巴马参议员如果旨在散布财富，怎么不是马克思主义者呢·
Karl Marx’s idea of mankind liberation can guide our construction of harmonious society both in theory and practice。
马克思市民社会理论是对黑格尔市民社会理论的批判与超越，其价值指向是人类解放。
Of those who have listened to speeches here are such great historical figures Karl Marx， Frederick Engels and V。 Lenin。
曾来这里听过演讲的，最出名的当数历史名人马克思、恩格斯和列宁。
The four founders of social science are Karl Marx， Emile Durkheim， Adam Smith and Max Weber。
社会科学的四大奠基人是卡尔·马克思、埃米尔·迪尔凯姆、亚当·斯密和马克斯·韦伯。
Karl Marx’s Das Kapital whooshed up bestseller lists。
卡尔·马克思的《资本论》在各个畅销书排行榜上飞速跃升。
Whether Karl Marx would approve of his masterwork being served up as entertainment for China’s new bourgeoisie is a matter of speculation。
至于卡尔·马克思是否会同意把他的经典著作改造成某种形式的娱乐，并以此来满足中国新兴中产阶级的口味，就不得而知了。
We are reminded Karl Marx that capital goes beyond national borders and eludes control from any other entity。
卡尔·马克思提醒我们，资本跨越国界，便会逃离对象国政治实体的管制。
Writing a manifesto good enough to cause trouble has been； Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels set the bar rather high in 1848。
要想写一篇好得足以掀起波澜的宣言绝非易事，卡尔·马克思和弗里德里希·恩格斯早在1848年就将这一门槛设得极高。
“Each science”， as pointed out by Karl Marx， “could be considered to be perfect only if it permits the successful application of mathematics”。
正如卡尔·马克思指出的：“一种科学只有在成功地运用数学时，才算达到了真正完善的地步”。
“Reestablishing personal ownership” had consistently been a mature conception by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels of ownership in the future society。
“重新建立个人所有制”是马克思和恩格斯关于未来社会所有制一贯的较为成熟的思想。
Karl Marx couldn’t invent “human capital” theory， so it is inappropriate to expound Marx’s economic theory of “human” with the logic of “human capital ”。
马克思不可能有“人力资本”理论，用“西方人力资本”的逻辑来解读马克思关于“人”的经济论述是不适当的。
This book carried the gospel， derived from Karl Marx， that woman， enslaved by capitalism， must free herself by helping to set up a dictatorship of workers。
这本书给妇女带来了福音，源自卡尔·马克思的福音：妇女，受资本主义奴役的妇女，只有通过帮助建立起工人们的专政，才能解放自己。
If you have some work experience， you will understand the Karl Marx’s word。
当你有一些工作经验后，才能真正明白马克思的话。
Let’s Talk！
开始交流吧！
Mike： Have you read Das Kapital·
麦克：你读过《资本论》吗·
Daisy： No， I haven’t。 I heard it is very hard to understand。
黛西：没有，我听说很难懂。
Mike： Yes。 I am reading it for my politics class。
麦克：我政治课需要读这个。
