I answer， every body； for if there be 1000 men in a Territory， and if 100 of these can raise necessary food and raiment for the whole 1000. If 200 more make as much commodities， as other Nations will give either their commodities or money for， and if 400 more be employed in the ornaments， pleasure， and magnificence of the whole； if there be 200 Governours， Divines， Lawyers， Physicians， Merchants， and Retailers， making in all 900 the question is， since there is food enough for this supernumerary 100 also， how they should come by it？ whether by begging， or by stealing； or whether they shall suffer themselves to starve， finding no fruit of their begging， or being taken in their stealing to put to death another way？ Or whether they sahll be given away to another Nation that will take them？ I think 'tis plain， they ought neither to be starved， nor hanged， nor given away； now if they beg， they may pine for hunger to day， and be gorged and glutted to morrow， which will occasion Diseases and evil habits， the same may be said of stealing； moreover， perhaps they may get either by begging or stealing more than will suffice them， which will for ever after indispose them to labour， even upon the greatest occasion which may suddenly and unexpectedly happen.
39. For all these Reasons， it will be certainly the safer way to afford them the superfluity which would otherwise be lost and wasted， or wantonly spent： Or in case there be no overplus， then 'tis fit to retrench a little from the delicacy of others feeding in quantity or quality； few men spending less than double of what might suffice them as to the bare necessities of nature.
40. Now as to the work of these supernumeraries， let it be without expence of Foreign Commodities， and then 'tis no matter if it be employed to build a useless Pyramid upon Salisbury Plain， bring the Stones at Stonehenge to Tower Hill， or the like； or at worst this would keep their minds to discipline and obedience， and their bodies to a patience of more profitable labours when need shall require it.
41. In the next place， as an instance of the usefulness of what hath been propounded， I ask what benefit will the mending of High-wayes， the building of Bridges and Cawseys， with making of Rivers navigable produce， besides the pleasure and beauty of them？ To which I also answer， as an instance of the premises， that the same， together with the numerous missions of Cattle and Sheep out of Ireland， shall produce a vaste superfluity of English Horses， the which because they have the many excellent qualities of beauty， strength， courage， swiftness， and patience concentrated in them， beyond the Horses of other places， would be a very vendible Commodity all over Europe； and such as depending upon the intrinsick nature of the English Soyle could not be counterfeited， nor taken away by others. Moreover， an Horse is such a Commodity as will carry both himself and his Merchant to the Market， be the same never so distant.
第一章Chapter 3 How the Causes of the unquiet bearing of Taxes may be lessened.
We have slightly gone through all the six branches of the Publick Charge， and have (though imperfectly and in haste) shewn what would encrease， and what would abate them.
We come next to take away some of the general Causes of the unquiet bearing of Taxes， and yielding to Contributions， viz.
2.1. That the people think， the Soverign askes more then he needs. To which we answer， 1. That if the Sovereign were sure to have what he wanted in due time， it were his own great dammage to draw away the money out of his Subjects hands， who by trade increase it， and to hoard it up in his own Coffers， where 'tis of no use even to himself， but lyable to be begged or vainly expended.
3.2. Let the Tax be never so great， if it be proportionable unto all， then no man suffers the loss of any Riches by it. For men (as we said but now) if the Estates of them all were either halfed or doubled， would in both cases remain equally rich. For they would each man have his former state， dignity and degree； and moreover， the Money leavied not going out of the Nation， the same also would remain as rich in comparison of any other Nation； onley the Riches of the Prince and People would differ for a little while， namely， until the money leavied from some， were again refunded upon the same， or other persons that paid it： In which case every man also should have his change and opportunity to be made the better or worse by the new distribution； or if he lost by one， yet to gain by another.
4.3. Now that which angers men most， is to be taxed above their Neighbours. To which I answer， that many times these surmizes are mistakes， many times they are chances， which in the next Tax may run more favourable； and if they be by design， yet it cannot be imagined， that it was by design of the Sovereign， but of some temporary Assessor， whose turn it may be to receive the Talio upon the next occasion from the very man he has wronged.
5.4. Men repine much， if they think the money leavyed will be expended on Entertainments， magnificent Shews， triumphal Arches， etc. To which I answer， that the same is a refunding of said moneys to the Tradesmen who work upon those things； which Trades though they seem vain and onely of orniment， yet they refund presently to the most useful； namely to Brewers， Bakers， Taylours， Shoemakers， etc. Moreover， the Prince hath no more pleasure in these Shews and Entertainments than 100000 others of his meanest Subjects have， whom， for all their grumbling， we see to travel many miles to be spectators of these mistaken and distasted vanities.
6.5. The people often complain， that the King bestows the money he raises from the people upon his Favourites： To which we answer； that what is given to Favourites， may at the next step or transmigration， come into our own hands， or theirs unto whom we wish well， and think do deserve it.
