02、克他命可治疗抑郁症Ketamine'has anti-depressant effect'
03/04/2014
Ketamine is a horse tranquilizer but also a popular but illegal recreational drug on the club scene. Now researchers in the English National Health Service say it could be a dramatic new treatment for depression. They've conducted a small trial. A mother of a 32-year old woman who's part of that trial said the drug had had an immediate effect on her daughter.
'After she's had the treatment， she's already feeling better before we leave the hospital. It works that quickly. And she sort of got a lot more confidence in herself when she had the treatment. She is chatty and she'll talk to people. She is not first withdrawn as she would normally be. And she can concentrate better and after one lot of the treatment， she went out for a walk on her own the day after which. She's not done， or probably in last ten years.'
How exactly does Ketamine work？
Over the past 20 years， we foundthat most anti-depressants， while they may act on other receptors and other transmitters in the brain， they also seem to have some effect on this receptor， the MDA receptor. And people in the 1990s thought why we don't just go straight to that receptor？So what we see now really is the results of the number of trials that have been done with Ketamine in depression over the past 10 or 15 years. And the report today actually describes the outcomes for people that were treated. So this is really the first time we've seen results from standard use of medicine if you like， rather than a controlled clinical trial.
Many people will be familiar with Ketamine from its reputation in the club scene as being a recreational and sometimes very dangerous drug as well as hearing about its use in veterinary medicine. How does the use differ in the clinical setting？
Well， Ketamine does a lot of very different things. So， for example， it's licensed as an intravenous agent to induce sleep in children. In veterinary medicine， it's used as a pain reliever. And also it's used illicitly. Now the doses and the weight given vary dramatically. Sogenerally， recreational use is very very high doses. And that's often snorted into the nose. In depression， we use in pretty low doses， which sometimes but not always， give rise to a few adverse effect， but not often.
译文：
克他命是一种马用镇静剂，同时也是在娱乐场所受欢迎的违法兴奋剂。如今，英国国民健康服务研究人员称，克他命有可能成为治疗抑郁的新型药物。他们做了一项小型的试验。一位32岁的试验参与者的母亲说，这种药物在她女儿身上有显着效果。
“接受治疗后，没等我们离开医院，她就感觉好多了。真是迅速。接受治疗后，她似乎对自己更有信心了，变得健谈了，也愿意跟别人说话。不像之前，一直沉默寡言。一个疗程后，她能更好集中注意力。第二天，她自己就出去散步了，这可能是10年来的第一次。”
克他命的作用原理是怎样的呢？
近20年来，我们发现，大多数抗抑郁剂在作用到其他大脑受体和神经递质的同时，也似乎对MDA受体产生影响。因此，20世纪90年代，人们就想，为什么不让药物直接作用到该受体？所以，在过去10到15年中，人们用克他命做试验，才得到今天的结果。试验报告描述的其实是人们接受治疗后的状况。这是第一次通过规范用药得到的结果，而不是通过临床对照试验。
克他命对于许多人来说不陌生，因为它是娱乐场所常见的兴奋剂，具有一定危险性。兽医也经常用到克他命。临床环境不同，克他命的使用有什么不同呢？
克他命用处很多。例如，它是法律许可的儿童催眠静脉注射剂。在兽医学上，它是镇痛药。当然，克他命也经常被非法使用。使用剂量根据具体情况而定。一般来说，作为兴奋剂使用时，剂量非常大，通常经由鼻子摄入体内。在治疗抑郁时，我们的用量是很少的，该药品虽然偶尔会有些副作用，但这样的情况不常见。
单词解析Word analysis
1. dramatic[dr?'m?t?k]adj.戏剧性的；引人注目的；激动人心的
例句：She plays a very dramatic woman with flashing eyes.
她饰演一位双眼闪光的引人注目的妇人。
2. conduct[k?n'd?kt]vt.&；vi.引导；带领；控制；传导；管理（方式）
例句：The division had to conduct a mission over enemy territory.
空军支队须在敌人领土上方执行任务。
3. withdrawn[w??'dr??n]adj.孤僻的，离群的；偏僻的；v.取回，收回（withdraw的过去分词）
例句：Her husband had become withdrawn and moody.
她丈夫变得沉默寡言、喜怒无常。
4. outcome['a?tk?m]n.结果；成果；出路
例句：The outcome of the court case was disappointing for the family involved.
诉讼案的结果使得涉及本案的这家人非常失望。
5. famiIiar[f?'m?li?(r)]adj.熟悉的；冒昧的；随便的；n.常客，密友；
例句：The Empire State Building is a familiar landmark on the New York skyline.
帝国大厦是人们熟悉的纽约高楼大厦中的地标。
6. differ['d?f?(r)]vi.不同，相异；不同意，意见相左；争吵
例句：These bags differ in size， but not in shape.
这些手提包只是大小不同，并无形状之异。
7. setting['set??]n.镶嵌；环境；装置（某事、戏剧、小说等的）背景，环境v.放（set的现在分词）；
例句：Rome is the perfect setting for romance.
罗马是最适合谈情说爱的地方。
语法知识点Grammar points
1. A mother of a 32-year old woman who's part of that trial said the drug had had an immediate effect on her daughter.
此处的“had had”是过去完成时的用法，表示“had had”发生在“said”之前。理解为：药物先在女儿身上起了作用，母亲后向众人说出来。
2. While they may act on other receptors and other transmitters in the brain.
act on是习语，意为“作用于，对……起作用”，其后一般加上人，表示对某人起作用。
3. Many people will be familiar with Ketamine from its reputation in the club scene.
be familiar with意为“对……熟悉”，后面很常加名词、动名词或者宾语从句。
You should be familiar with how it works so you know what to expect.
您应当熟悉它是如何工作的，以了解会发生些什么。
4. How does the use differ in the clinical setting？
“differ”是不及物动词，意为不同，不一样，有区别，其后常加上in， from等介词，表示在某些方面有不同。除此之外，其形容词形式be different from……也是常见句式。
Each writer's style differs from that of another.
每个作家的风格各不相同。
Each writer is different from their style.
每个作家的风格各不相同。
5. Many people will be familiar with Ketamine from its reputation in the club scene as being a recreational and sometimes very dangerous drug as well as hearing about its use in veterinary medicine.
克他命对于许多人来说不陌生，是因为它是娱乐场所常见的兴奋剂，具有一定危险性。兽医也经常用到克他命。
本句从属成分较多，影响理解，如as……以及as well as……。本句的主语是many people，谓语是be familiar with，宾语是Ketamine；from its reputation in the club scene是介词短语，表示信息的来源。而后的as引导的是时间状语从句，as此时意为“当……的时候”，意思是当克他命背上了兴奋剂、危险性药品的名声时，或者当人们知道兽医也常用克他命时，克他命对许多人来说就不陌生了。as well as表示“也”，连接的是前后结构相同的单词或者短语。
