登陆注册
5115500000012

第12章 段落写作(The Paragraph)(6)

Environment Pollution must be curbed for the benefit of people. I have traveled through half of China from south to north, I found that I can not see a clear river or lake. When I looked up in the sky, I found its color was not blue at all, it is gray! We have lost the beautiful globe for ever, I thought. So I think we have to take some measures to fight pollution.

四、比较与对比法(Development by Comparison and Contrast)

常用到的过渡词有两类:

1. Likeness: like, likewise, similarly, in the same way, too, also, correspondingly, equally, as

2. Difference: however, but, yet, nevertheless, on the contrary, in contrast, whereas, on the one hand...on the other hand, instead, still, rather, although, though, even though

范文:

Good manners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks; Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet; Japanese bow. Many Americans open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface, it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one person"s behavior toward another person. In all countries, it is good manners to behave considerably toward others and bad manners not to. It is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.

运用这种展开手段时,作者经常会忽略以下几个问题:对比不当,对比不全面。

五、分类法(Development by Division and Classification)

常用到的词汇有:divide into, classify , group, there are ... kinds/ sorts/ types/ groups/ ect.

范文:

There are medium friends, and pretty good friends, and very good friends indeed, and these friendships are defined by their level of intimacy....We might tell a medium friend, for example, that yesterday we had a fight with our husband. And we might tell a pretty good friend that this fight with our husband made us so mad that we slept on the couch. And we might tell a very good friend that the reason we got so mad in that fight that we slept on the couch had something to do with that girl who works in his office. But it"s only to our very best friends that we"re willing to tell all, to tell what"s going on with that girl in his office.

Judith Viorst, “Friends, Good friends”

在使用分类法的时候,最重要的是确定正确的分类标准,切忌以不同的标准进行分类。

病例分析:

There are many kinds of books such as literature books, science books, children books, story books, paperback books, etc. They all can bring us happiness, joy and sometimes sorrow. They can also make us wise. Books are people"s friends.

六、因果法(Development by Cause and Effect)

常用到的过渡词有:therefore, consequently, accordingly, as a result, hence, so that, thus/ since, because, for, due to, for this reason, owing to.

范文:

Why are there changes in people"s diet? There are two major reasons, I think. First, nowadays people can afford to buy much more expensive food with better nutrition. Second, people now pay more attention to the quality of it, because they know it is of great benefit to their health to diet in a scientific way. Therefore they try their best to improve the structure of their food.

使用这个展开方法最重要的当然是不要将没有因果关系的两个事物牵强附会在一起。

病例分析:

Children are becoming cleverer and cleverer because of television. I often find the neighbor children say some adult words which are often heard from TV. I once heard a boy of five say to a girl of about four that it was not easy for me to say that I love you. Children are really growing faster than ever before.

In recent years the crime rate is getting higher and higher, and the reason, according to me, is that man is getting meaner and meaner. Some people say that man is not as honest as before, and I think that is right. If they are not honest, they will do something wrong, and that would cause the crime rate rise to a high level.

七、定义法(Development by Definition)

范文:

Falling in love is an experience that almost everyone has at least once and usually several times. To fall into love is to fall into a profound set of emotional experiences. There may be a range of physical symptoms such as dry mouth, pounding heart, flushed face, and knotted stomach. The mind may race, and fantasy, especially about the loved one, is rampant. Motivation to work, play, indeed for anything except the lover, may fall to zero. As the love feelings develop, strange feelings of passion may occur. In fact, passionate love is essentially the same as romantic love, except that the focus is more specifical on the emotional intensity and sexual passion.

八、过程法(Development by Process)

范文:

To make wine, begin with grapes that have not been washed. (This is important because the skin contains a natural yeast which will aid in the fermentation process.) In a crock crush the grapes by hand so that the skins crack and the juice runs out. Leave the grapes at room temperature (or slightly warmer) to begin fermenting. Cover the crock, to keep fruit flies from getting into the wine. In a day or two the pulp should be at the top and the juice at the bottom. Stir, so that pulp and juice are mixed. At the end of five days, press the mass so that the liquid remains, and the solids are removed. If you have no winepress, you can squeeze the mass through cheesecloth (a material full of fine holes, like a screen), wringing the juice out of the cloth by hand. At this point, if you want sweet wine adds one or two pounds of sugar per gallon of wine, and let it dissolve in the juice.

病例分析:

To get the most out of his textbooks, a student should follow several steps very carefully. He should make a survey of each book to get a general idea of what the book contains. He should read for understanding and formulate questions. He should make notes of the major points of each chapter. He should test himself to be sure that he can answer questions likely to be raised in class and in examinations. He should review his notes and reread any parts of the book that are unclear to him.

比较:

同类推荐
  • 盛开·90后新概念·塔罗·规则

    盛开·90后新概念·塔罗·规则

    作为盛开的最新特色塔罗系列,本系列2014年共计12本,本书是该系列第2本。本系列作品均来自90后获奖者的最新作品,主要收录历届全国新概念作文获奖大赛、萌芽、最小说获奖者的精华作品,有小说、散文等。这些作品空灵隽秀、质朴绵长,勾勒出了最独特的青春风貌和青春生活,表现了他们卓越的思维、丰富细腻的情感和超强的文字驾驭能力。对于青少年读者,是可读性非常强的作文学习辅导和课外阅读书籍。
  • 简·爱(语文新课标课外必读第四辑)

    简·爱(语文新课标课外必读第四辑)

    国家教育部颁布了最新《语文课程标准》,统称新课标,对中、小学语文教学指定了阅读书目,对阅读的数量、内容、质量以及速度都提出了明确的要求,这对于提高学生的阅读能力,培养语文素养,陶冶情操,促进学生终身学习和终身可持续发展,对于提高广大人民的文学素养具有极大的意义。
  • 网上创业(高等院校电子商务专业本科系列教材)

    网上创业(高等院校电子商务专业本科系列教材)

    本书系统、完整地讲述了当前网上创业的基本原理和应用实践。主要内容包括:概述、网络与电子商务、网络盈利模式、网上创业者素质、团队意识及其重要性、网上创业项目、网上创业项目融资、网上商店及网络营销、物流与电子支付、网上创业中的财务管理、网上创业的风险管理等。每章后均附有思考题。本书可作为电子商务专业、信息管理和信息系统专业、经济与管理专业及其他相关专业的教材和参考书,也可作为有意于网上创业的开拓者的参考手册。
  • 校园收藏类活动指导手册

    校园收藏类活动指导手册

    根据党和政府有关政策和部门的要求以及国内外最新校园文化艺术的发展方向,特别编撰了《五彩校园文化艺术活动》丛书,不仅包括校园文化艺术活动的组织管理、策划方案等指导性内容,还包括阅读、科普、歌咏、器乐、绘画、书法、美化、舞蹈、文学、口才、曲艺、戏剧、表演、游艺、游戏、智力、收藏、棋艺、牌技、旅游、健身等具体活动项目,还包括节庆、会展、行为、环保、场馆等不同情景的活动开展形式等,具有很强的系统性、娱乐性、指导性和实用性。
  • 心灵故事(影响青少年一生的中华典故)

    心灵故事(影响青少年一生的中华典故)

    中华文明源远流长,历史文化典籍中的典故也是数不胜数。本书编者在先秦到晚清的文化典籍中穿梭往来,精选出数千则典故,并对每则典故的出处、故事、含义、用法进行了详解。为了方便读者查阅,根据含义的异同对这些典故进行了分类,使读者用起来方便快捷、得心应手。一书在手,尽览中国语言文化的博大精深。
热门推荐
  • 前尘如雪

    前尘如雪

    【本文已弃请勿跳坑】看官们可以去看看作者另外一个号的文文《冷魅三公主的复仇恋时代》
  • 年少太后初养成

    年少太后初养成

    因为一场意外,本是平凡学生妹的林乔西的灵魂附到了当朝太子妃林悠然身上。太子并不爱她,正好,她也不爱太子。但是,生活还要继续下去,林悠然并不想搀和到皇位争夺之中,可,现实并不是那么美好的想象....
  • 梦断龙生

    梦断龙生

    描写股市众生相,刻画股市涨跌对人们心理的影响,对命运的冲击甚至改变,其中有惨败者的痛苦教训,也有成功者的宝贵感悟—从成百上千次失败中总结出来的经验,这些经验是经过反复验证过的,可靠的股市技巧,是大概率股市取胜的智慧结晶,是投身股市所必备的秘密武器。本书的最大特点是所有结论都来自鲜活的炒股实践,所有总结都是经过血汗浸泡过的经验积淀。
  • 陪你逍遥:朕的后宫有鬼叫

    陪你逍遥:朕的后宫有鬼叫

    这年头小姑娘家穿越就算了,他一个大男人还穿越,不过穿越的好处就是,绝对随机,能给你一个大惊吓。比如叶离吧,得到了这阴阳眼,有个毛用,还不是得乖乖考研找工作娶媳妇?没想到这一穿越,不仅捞到个小皇帝,这阴阳眼居然还留着,叶离还没有来得及高兴,麻烦来了。每天晚上他便可以看见冥界的狂欢,带个眼套就可以解决了。可是如果大白天闹鬼呢?这不,十三岁时父皇给了他第一个通房丫鬟,妈呀,居然是一个变成人形的鬼!
  • 网游之群侠逐鹿

    网游之群侠逐鹿

    新手前面几章未免有些生疏,后面就已经很精彩了。】看的好时候给个推荐,或者像朋友介绍谢谢··对于作者是个鼓励凡人40W字才签约我绝对那是个奇迹,没有多少人能像无语一样那么有执着的精神兴许少你一个推荐一本能使你感到高兴或者兴奋的书就这样被扼杀了
  • 灵魂寄宿者

    灵魂寄宿者

    与灵魂谈场轰轰烈烈的爱恋……男神变萌妹,灵魂出窍寄宿在萌妹身体,憋说话,让我先晕会儿。人生的转折点,也许是会从某场意外开始,贝莱莱的命运就是因为一场意外的交通事故,而发生了令人不可思议的改变……寄宿在我身体的另一个灵魂——你是谁?!
  • 超级界王

    超级界王

    天才,那又咋滴,老子有专属于我的世界,只要你进去了,再叼也要跪下唱征服
  • 回不去的夏天

    回不去的夏天

    青春是夏日里一道明媚的忧伤。是黄昏时响起的人鱼挽歌。是幻觉里衬底的海市蜃楼。明晃晃暖暖的阳光里,突然抬头的瞬间,正看到你扬起的清澈的眼眸。恍惚的一个转身,只见你隐入人海的衣袂。抬头的时间,转身的距离。一瞬间,一恍惚,天空深处唱起伤感悠扬的骊歌。回不去的夏天,触目可及的是明媚,挥之不去的,是忧伤。
  • 蚁神

    蚁神

    神秘莫测、险象环生的面引万寿山因抗日战争时期藏有八大窖文物发了一场夺宝大战。抗日战争时,国军万团长带领全团官兵为保护这批国宝英勇顽强与敌寇拼死战斗,终于将这批国宝完好无损保存下来,因暗藏在革命队伍内部的阶级异己份子同邪恶势力暗中勾结,多次上山盗宝,均被山上一个神秘人物——蚁神利用山上的军团蚁及其它生物所挫败。教授李克带领团队上山考察,终于有重大发现……并与蚁神、公安等部门合作,挫败了邪恶势力,国宝全部完璧归赵。
  • 凉薄妃:倾世桃花

    凉薄妃:倾世桃花

    她是桃花纪叱咤黑白两道的邪医—叶璃。有着惑倒天下的倾世容颜!一日,自梦中醒来,就死在了男友的刀下!她签定契约,重生在了她被杀的那天。她亲手杀了他,用他的命来祭奠了自己的亡灵,契约生效,荒芜的白.短短两年成了翻手为云覆手为雨的笑天回到相府,陷害,阴谋接踵而来!她皆一一化解,并以百倍偿还!可那个男人是个异数!她以为可以不乱于心,不困于情,浅浅遇淡淡忘!可这简直异想天开!在这里,她奇丑无比,内力全无,被庶妹和继母欺凌。真是可笑,她竟成了灰姑娘,不过是新的版本,她不需要水晶鞋,晚礼服,更不需要守护她的王子,灰姑娘会亲手碾死哪些令她痛苦的人,她会百倍偿还!