Such guilty unions seldom prosper.This husband and wife had lived together but a month,when they were separated for ever by the successes of a band of Scotch nobles who associated against them for the protection of the young Prince:whom Bothwell had vainly endeavoured to lay hold of,and whom he would certainly have murdered,if the EARL OF MAR,in whose hands the boy was,had not been firmly and honourably faithful to his trust.Before this angry power,Bothwell fled abroad,where he died,a prisoner and mad,nine miserable years afterwards.Mary being found by the associated lords to deceive them at every turn,was sent a prisoner to Lochleven Castle;which,as it stood in the midst of a lake,could only be approached by boat.Here,one LORD LINDSAY,who was so much of a brute that the nobles would have done better if they had chosen a mere gentleman for their messenger,made her sign her abdication,and appoint Murray,Regent of Scotland.Here,too,Murray saw her in a sorrowing and humbled state.
She had better have remained in the castle of Lochleven,dull prison as it was,with the rippling of the lake against it,and the moving shadows of the water on the room walls;but she could not rest there,and more than once tried to escape.The first time she had nearly succeeded,dressed in the clothes of her own washer-
woman,but,putting up her hand to prevent one of the boatmen from lifting her veil,the men suspected her,seeing how white it was,and rowed her back again.A short time afterwards,her fascinating manners enlisted in her cause a boy in the Castle,called the little DOUGLAS,who,while the family were at supper,stole the keys of the great gate,went softly out with the Queen,locked the gate on the outside,and rowed her away across the lake,sinking the keys as they went along.On the opposite shore she was met by another Douglas,and some few lords;and,so accompanied,rode away on horseback to Hamilton,where they raised three thousand men.
Here,she issued a proclamation declaring that the abdication she had signed in her prison was illegal,and requiring the Regent to yield to his lawful Queen.Being a steady soldier,and in no way discomposed although he was without an army,Murray pretended to treat with her,until he had collected a force about half equal to her own,and then he gave her battle.In one quarter of an hour he cut down all her hopes.She had another weary ride on horse-back of sixty long Scotch miles,and took shelter at Dundrennan Abbey,whence she fled for safety to Elizabeth's dominions.
Mary Queen of Scots came to England-to her own ruin,the trouble of the kingdom,and the misery and death of many-in the year one thousand five hundred and sixty-eight.How she left it and the world,nineteen years afterwards,we have now to see.
SECOND PART
WHEN Mary Queen of Scots arrived in England,without money and even without any other clothes than those she wore,she wrote to Elizabeth,representing herself as an innocent and injured piece of Royalty,and entreating her assistance to oblige her Scottish subjects to take her back again and obey her.But,as her character was already known in England to be a very different one from what she made it out to be,she was told in answer that she must first clear herself.Made uneasy by this condition,Mary,rather than stay in England,would have gone to Spain,or to France,or would even have gone back to Scotland.But,as her doing either would have been likely to trouble England afresh,it was decided that she should be detained here.She first came to Carlisle,and,after that,was moved about from castle to castle,as was considered necessary;but England she never left again.
After trying very hard to get rid of the necessity of clearing herself,Mary,advised by LORD HERRIES,her best friend in England,agreed to answer the charges against her,if the Scottish noblemen who made them would attend to maintain them before such English noblemen as Elizabeth might appoint for that purpose.Accordingly,such an assembly,under the name of a conference,met,first at York,and afterwards at Hampton Court.In its presence Lord Lennox,Darnley's father,openly charged Mary with the murder of his son;and whatever Mary's friends may now say or write in her behalf,there is no doubt that,when her brother Murray produced against her a casket containing certain guilty letters and verses which he stated to have passed between her and Bothwell,she withdrew from the inquiry.Consequently,it is to be supposed that she was then considered guilty by those who had the best opportunities of judging of the truth,and that the feeling which afterwards arose in her behalf was a very generous but not a very reasonable one.
However,the DUKE OF NORFOLK,an honourable but rather weak nobleman,partly because Mary was captivating,partly because he was ambitious,partly because he was over-persuaded by artful plotters against Elizabeth,conceived a strong idea that he would like to marry the Queen of Scots-though he was a little frightened,too,by the letters in the casket.This idea being secretly encouraged by some of the noblemen of Elizabeth's court,and even by the favourite Earl of Leicester (because it was objected to by other favourites who were his rivals),Mary expressed her approval of it,and the King of France and the King of Spain are supposed to have done the same.It was not so quietly planned,though,but that it came to Elizabeth's ears,who warned the Duke 'to be careful what sort of pillow he was going to lay his head upon.'He made a humble reply at the time;but turned sulky soon afterwards,and,being considered dangerous,was sent to the Tower.
Thus,from the moment of Mary's coming to England she began to be the centre of plots and miseries.
