登陆注册
15729700000010

第10章

The Central Committee requests the central districts to distribute this letter among their members as soon as possible and to submit their own reports soon.It urges all League members to the most intense activity, especially now that the situation has become so critical that it cannot be long before another revolution breaks out.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Frederick Engels ON THE HISTORY OF THE COMMUNIST LEAGUELondon October 8, 1885

With the sentence of the Cologne Communists in 1852, the curtain falls on the first period of the independent German workers' movement.

Today this period is almost forgotten.Yet it lasted from 1836 to 1852and, with the spread of German workers abroad, the movement developed in almost all civilized countries.Nor is that all.The present-day international workers' movement is in substance a direct continuation of the German workers' movement of that time, which was the _first international workers' movement_ of all time, and which brought forth many of those who took the leading role in he International Working Men's Association.And the theoretical principles that the Communist League had inscribed on its banner in the _Communist Manifesto_ of 1847constitute today the strongest international bond of the entire proletarian movement of both Europe and America.

Up to now there has been only one source for a coherent history of that movement.This is the so-called Black Book, _The Communist Conspiracies of the Nineteenth Century_, by Wermuth and Stieber, Erline, two parts, 1853 and 1854.This crude compilation, which bristles with deliberate falsifications, fabricated by two of the most contemptible police scoundrels of our century, today still serves as the final source for all non-communist writings about that period.

What I am able to give here is only a sketch, and even this only in so far as the League itself is concerned; only what is absolutely necessary to understand the _Revelations_.I hope that some day I shall have the opportunity to work up the rich material collected by Marx and myself on the history of that glorious period of the youth of the international workers' movement.

*In 1836 the most extreme, chiefly proletarian elements of the secret democratic-republican Outlaws' League, which was founded by German refugees in Paris in 1834, split off and formed the new secret League of the Just.The parent League, in which only sleepy-headed elements a la Jakobus Venedey were left, soon fell asleep altogether;when in 1840 the police scented out a few sections in Germany, it was hardly even a shadow of its former self.The new League, on the contrary, developed comparatively rapidly.Originally it was a German outlier of the French worker-Communism, reminiscent of Babouvism and taking shape in Paris at about this time; community of goods was demanded as the necessary consequence of "equality".The aims were those of the Parisian secret societies of the time: half propaganda association, half conspiracy, Paris, however, being always regarded as the central point of revolutionary action, although the preparation of occassional _putsches_ in Germany was by no means excluded.But as Paris remained the decisive battleground, the League was at that time actually not much more than the German branch of the French secret societies, especially the Societe des saisons led by Blanqui and Barbes, with which a close connections was maintained.The French went into action on May 12, 1839; the sections of the League marched with them and thus were involved in the common defeat.

Among the Germans arrested were Karl Schapper and Heinrich Bauer;Louis Philippe's government contented itself with deporting them after a fairly long imprisonment.Both went to London.Schapper came from Weilburg in Nassau and while a student of forestry at Giessen in 1832was a member of the conspiracy organized by Georg Buchner; he took part in the storming of the Frankfort constable station on April 3, 1833, escaped abroad and in February 1834 joined Mazzini's march on Savoy.Of gigantic stature, resolute and energetic, always ready to risk civil existence and life, he was a model of the professional revolutionist that played an important role in the thirties.In spite of a certain sluggishness of thought, he was by no means incapable of profound theoretical understanding, as is proved by his development from "demagogue" to Communist, and he held then all the more rigidly to what he had once come to recognize.Precisely on that account his revolutionary passion sometimes got the better of understanding, but he always afterwards realized his mistake and openly acknowledged it.He was fully a man and what he did for the founding of the German workers'

movement will not be forgotten.

Heinrich Bauer, from Franconia, was a shoemaker; a lively, alert, witty little fellow, whose little body, however, also contained much shrewdness and determination.

同类推荐
热门推荐
  • tfboys:等风也等你

    tfboys:等风也等你

    “我看过沙漠下暴雨,看过大海亲吻鲨鱼,看过黄昏追逐黎明,没看过你。”
  • 穿越之乱世狂女

    穿越之乱世狂女

    意外穿越,初到异界,锋芒初露,扮猪吃老虎?她,回眸一笑,牵动了多少人的心,乱世凤鸣!
  • 蛮古录

    蛮古录

    一怒惊涛变,吼时万人臣。身混沌之体,冥生死大道,握阴阳两极。宙宇万物皆在一念之间………大道之始乃为互斥互通………
  • 异世封天

    异世封天

    手掌上方则为天,翻手覆云则为地。我若要有,天不可无。我若要无,天不许有!暗夜宫内门天才弟子,因修炼走火入魔,经脉爆炸,时空穿梭,来到了另外一个世界。苏炎带着他的金手指“玄天宝玉”来到了这个世界。在这万族林立,诸圣争霸,神奇莫测的无尽世界,演绎着令人向往的传奇......
  • 可以很爱你

    可以很爱你

    立身于繁华都市之中,许卓突然想起“网恋”这个词语,但似乎又不适合她和陈亦浩的处境;而杨可对自己的鄙视让许卓更加坚定自己的决心。当杨可和许卓的感情越走越远,走到自己没有办法控制的局面时,许卓将会作何种选择?
  • 驱魔小女的杀怪指南

    驱魔小女的杀怪指南

    聪明伶俐武功高强的萌系女主和腹黑水深武功更高强的傲娇系男主一起打怪兽啦。
  • 菩提树下的礼物

    菩提树下的礼物

    本书分别从心态好活得好、简单是幸福的主旋律、轻松的过,快乐的活、把健康留住、别跟自己过不去、放弃也是一种幸福、幸福怎能缺少喜好、仁爱是传递幸福的基石、低调一点幸福一些、因为知足,所以幸福等方面进行了论述。
  • 飘渺星尊

    飘渺星尊

    “我竟然是残缺魂魄的断魂体,我居然是一个只有一魂三魄的人;我为什么依然活着呢?”星宇有些不敢相信,自己居然是一个残缺的断魂体。
  • 阴阳二先生

    阴阳二先生

    左手执五斗八卦,号诸天星君;右手掌六道七界,敕精妖灵怪;魑魅魍魉魔魇魈,钟鼎磐钵罄剑镜,七灵七器,皆在我手里变得与众不同。我叫余九,干起了阴阳的手艺,行走在都市的农村,堪舆断命,寻龙点穴,破邪辟易,祸福吉凶,生老病死,皆从我的手口中延伸,从此,远离尘嚣的江湖间,又有一个不朽的传说在岁月长河中激荡,他就是“阴阳二先生。”
  • 元始之纪

    元始之纪

    谁也不知道元始这个名字是什么时候有的,元始大陆这个名字,自语言诞生起便有了。元始旧纪,人魔妖共存,大陆以人主导,直至“灾变日”到来,魔族实力大涨,大举搭发动战争,最终以魔收妖,人北退筑四关收尾。林艮,小桑村人士,因为种种缘故加入四关设立的猎魔学院,成为元始大陆的修炼者。震惊!慢更如狗的小说作者是职高生!百分之九十九的人不知道…