"It is possible that by that time children will learn the differential calculus--as they learn now to speak--from their mothers and nurses， or that they may talk in the hypothetical language， and work rule of three sums， as soon as they are born；but this is not probable； we cannot calculate on any corresponding advance in man's intellectual or physical powers which shall be a set-off against the far greater development which seems in store for the machines. Some people may say that man's moral influence will suffice to rule them； but I cannot think it will ever be safe to repose much trust in the moral sense of any machine.
"Again， might not the glory of the machines consist in their being without this same boasted gift of language？ 'Silence，' it has been said by one writer， 'is a virtue which renders us agreeable to our fellow-creatures.'"第一章CHAPTER XXIV： THE MACHINES--continued "But other questions come upon us. What is a man's eye but a machine for the little creature that sits behind in his brain to look through？ A dead eye is nearly as good as a living one for some time after the man is dead. It is not the eye that cannot see， but the restless one that cannot see through it. Is it man's eyes， or is it the big seeing-engine which has revealed to us the existence of worlds beyond worlds into infinity？ What has made man familiar with the scenery of the moon， the spots on the sun， or the geography of the planets？ He is at the mercy of the seeing-engine for these things， and is powerless unless he tack it on to his own identity， and make it part and parcel of himself. Or， again， is it the eye， or the little see-engine， which has shown us the existence of infinitely minute organisms which swarm unsuspected around us？
"And take man's vaunted power of calculation. Have we not engines which can do all manner of sums more quickly and correctly than we can？ What prizeman in Hypothetics at any of our Colleges of Unreason can compare with some of these machines in their own line？
In fact， wherever precision is required man flies to the machine at once， as far preferable to himself. Our sum-engines never drop a figure， nor our looms a stitch； the machine is brisk and active， when the man is weary； it is clear-headed and collected， when the man is stupid and dull； it needs no slumber， when man must sleep or drop； ever at its post， ever ready for work， its alacrity never flags， its patience never gives in； its might is stronger than combined hundreds， and swifter than the flight of birds； it can burrow beneath the earth， and walk upon the largest rivers and sink not. This is the green tree； what then shall be done in the dry？
"Who shall say that a man does see or hear？ He is such a hive and swarm of parasites that it is doubtful whether his body is not more theirs than his， and whether he is anything but another kind of ant-heap after all. May not man himself become a sort of parasite upon the machines？ An affectionate machine-tickling aphid？
"It is said by some that our blood is composed of infinite living agents which go up and down the highways and byways of our bodies as people in the streets of a city. When we look down from a high place upon crowded thoroughfares， is it possible not to think of corpuscles of blood travelling through veins and nourishing the heart of the town？ No mention shall be made of sewers， nor of the hidden nerves which serve to communicate sensations from one part of the town's body to another； nor of the yawning jaws of the railway stations， whereby the circulation is carried directly into the heart，--which receive the venous lines， and disgorge the arterial， with an eternal pulse of people. And the sleep of the town， how life-like！ with its change in the circulation."Here the writer became again so hopelessly obscure that I was obliged to miss several pages. He resumed：-"It can be answered that even though machines should hear never so well and speak never so wisely， they will still always do the one or the other for our advantage， not their own； that man will be the ruling spirit and the machine the servant； that as soon as a machine fails to discharge the service which man expects from it， it is doomed to extinction； that the machines stand to man simply in the relation of lower animals， the vapour-engine itself being only a more economical kind of horse； so that instead of being likely to be developed into a higher kind of life than man's， they owe their very existence and progress to their power of ministering to human wants， and must therefore both now and ever be man's inferiors.
"This is all very well. But the servant glides by imperceptible approaches into the master； and we have come to such a pass that， even now， man must suffer terribly on ceasing to benefit the machines. If all machines were to be annihilated at one moment， so that not a knife nor lever nor rag of clothing nor anything whatsoever were left to man but his bare body alone that he was born with， and if all knowledge of mechanical laws were taken from him so that he could make no more machines， and all machine-made food destroyed so that the race of man should be left as it were naked upon a desert island， we should become extinct in six weeks.
A few miserable individuals might linger， but even these in a year or two would become worse than monkeys. Man's very soul is due to the machines； it is a machine-made thing： he thinks as he thinks， and feels as he feels， through the work that machines have wrought upon him， and their existence is quite as much a sine qua non for his， as his for theirs. This fact precludes us from proposing the complete annihilation of machinery， but surely it indicates that we should destroy as many of them as we can possibly dispense with， lest they should tyrannise over us even more completely.
