登陆注册
15680900000018

第18章

It is evident that 'positives' and 'privatives' are not opposed each to each in the same sense as relatives.The one is not explained by reference to the other; sight is not sight of blindness, nor is any other preposition used to indicate the relation.Similarly blindness is not said to be blindness of sight, but rather, privation of sight.Relatives, moreover, reciprocate; if blindness, therefore, were a relative, there would be a reciprocity of relation between it and that with which it was correlative.But this is not the case.Sight is not called the sight of blindness.

That those terms which fall under the heads of 'positives' and 'privatives' are not opposed each to each as contraries, either, is plain from the following facts: Of a pair of contraries such that they have no intermediate, one or the other must needs be present in the subject in which they naturally subsist, or of which they are predicated; for it is those, as we proved,' in the case of which this necessity obtains, that have no intermediate.Moreover, we cited health and disease, odd and even, as instances.But those contraries which have an intermediate are not subject to any such necessity.It is not necessary that every substance, receptive of such qualities, should be either black or white, cold or hot, for something intermediate between these contraries may very well be present in the subject.We proved, moreover, that those contraries have an intermediate in the case of which the said necessity does not obtain.Yet when one of the two contraries is a constitutive property of the subject, as it is a constitutive property of fire to be hot, of snow to be white, it is necessary determinately that one of the two contraries, not one or the other, should be present in the subject; for fire cannot be cold, or snow black.Thus, it is not the case here that one of the two must needs be present in every subject receptive of these qualities, but only in that subject of which the one forms a constitutive property.Moreover, in such cases it is one member of the pair determinately, and not either the one or the other,which must be present.

In the case of 'positives' and 'privatives', on the other hand, neither of the aforesaid statements holds good.For it is not necessary that a subject receptive of the qualities should always have either the one or the other; that which has not yet advanced to the state when sight is natural is not said either to be blind or to see.Thus 'positives' and 'privatives' do not belong to that class of contraries which consists of those which have no intermediate.On the other hand, they do not belong either to that class which consists of contraries which have an intermediate.For under certain conditions it is necessary that either the one or the other should form part of the constitution of every appropriate subject.For when a thing has reached the stage when it is by nature capable of sight, it will be said either to see or to be blind, and that in an indeterminate sense, signifying that the capacity may be either present or absent; for it is not necessary either that it should see or that it should be blind, but that it should be either in the one state or in the other.Yet in the case of those contraries which have an intermediate we found that it was never necessary that either the one or the other should be present in every appropriate subject, but only that in certain subjects one of the pair should be present, and that in a determinate sense.It is, therefore, plain that 'positives' and 'privatives' are not opposed each to each in either of the senses in which contraries are opposed.

同类推荐
  • 八闽通志

    八闽通志

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 学仕遗规

    学仕遗规

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 天仙道程宝则

    天仙道程宝则

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 潜夫论

    潜夫论

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 本草备要

    本草备要

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
热门推荐
  • 恨长生

    恨长生

    人人都只道长生好,可长生的背后,却只剩寂寥。一入红尘,便误一生。
  • 狐王令

    狐王令

    明正统十三年,江湖上突现一本天下奇书《天门山录》,就此搅动江湖风云,此书被大太监王振得到,命东厂和锦衣卫搜尽天下宝物,就此很多帮派和族群受到牵连,狐族无辜被涂炭。狐族为复仇发狐王令,号令天下,锄奸惩恶。正在众帮派刺杀王振时,瓦刺来犯,王振不顾群臣反对,蛊惑皇上出征,致使土木堡大败,皇上被俘,精锐尽失。于谦在此时危定倾扶,力挽狂澜,联合众帮派殊死一搏,保卫北京城,大败瓦刺。
  • 嗜血女王:王子你别想逃

    嗜血女王:王子你别想逃

    天真的她,嗜血的他,两人相遇,欢喜冤家!她来历不明,一个被抛弃而又失忆的孩子。他身份尊贵,皇族最正统的嫡亲血脉王子。两人相爱了,却遭到无数反对。她当年流离失所,父母惨死,哥哥失踪!罪魁祸首竟然是他!当知道真相的她会怎样选择!家族还是他?
  • 武煞世界

    武煞世界

    武煞世界,万族林立,群英荟萃,少年陆岚由平民揭竿而起,在布满荆棘的盖世强者的道路上,一次又一次的创造奇迹,惊天强者,一展神通。
  • 骨头我来接你回家

    骨头我来接你回家

    花千骨,讲的是一个师徒之间的故事,不过呢,对我一个爱东方粑粑的我来说,最后结尾还是远远不能满足我的,所以呢,坐着发动智慧的大脑,决定要修改一下剧情,感谢大家的支持哦。
  • 西游出轨星

    西游出轨星

    天上出轨星下凡,被如来打了,就跑去给唐僧送祝福:天上地下,你最漂亮,你最迷人,元阳不泄,是一个受。
  • 我的光明钱途

    我的光明钱途

    全书通过故事展开论述,以三位主人公的亲身经历激励尚未树立理财意识的年轻人,引发读者对理财问题的思考、对学习“富思维”的重视,并提出了现实可行的理财建议、财富忠告,分十步层层递进地搭建了一条穷二代走向富裕的清晰道路。即便你从来没有接触过理财,也可遵循此路,渐入理财的佳境。
  • 福妻驾到

    福妻驾到

    现代饭店彪悍老板娘魂穿古代。不分是非的极品婆婆?三年未归生死不明的丈夫?心狠手辣的阴毒亲戚?贪婪而好色的地主老财?吃上顿没下顿的贫困宭境?不怕不怕,神仙相助,一技在手,天下我有!且看现代张悦娘,如何身带福气玩转古代,开面馆、收小弟、左纳财富,右傍美男,共绘幸福生活大好蓝图!!!!快本新书《天媒地聘》已经上架开始销售,只要3.99元即可将整本书抱回家,你还等什么哪,赶紧点击下面的直通车,享受乐乐精心为您准备的美食盛宴吧!)
  • 明月的季节

    明月的季节

    时间还在奔跑,我们还在奔跑,只是可以偶尔停下,看那些前所未有的风景。
  • 0~3岁婴幼儿智力方案

    0~3岁婴幼儿智力方案

    本书从宝宝的言语能力、认知能力、视力能力、运动能力、社交能力、生活自理能力、情绪控制能力以及才艺、玩具游戏等几大方面,生动而有趣地为爸爸妈妈们提供了简单有效地训练方法,锻炼宝宝的感知能力,开发宝宝的大脑潜能,让宝宝更加聪明。