登陆注册
15680900000014

第14章

Thus such conditions are called affections, not qualities.In like manner there are affective qualities and affections of the soul.That temper with which a man is born and which has its origin in certain deep-seated affections is called a quality.I mean such conditions as insanity, irascibility, and so on: for people are said to be mad or irascible in virtue of these.Similarly those abnormal psychic states which are not inborn, but arise from the concomitance of certain other elements, and are difficult to remove, or altogether permanent, are called qualities, for in virtue of them men are said to be such and such.

Those, however, which arise from causes easily rendered ineffective are called affections, not qualities.Suppose that a man is irritable when vexed: he is not even spoken of as a bad-tempered man, when in such circumstances he loses his temper somewhat, but rather is said to be affected.Such conditions are therefore termed, not qualities, butaffections.

The fourth sort of quality is figure and the shape that belongs to a thing; and besides this, straightness and curvedness and any other qualities of this type; each of these defines a thing as being such and such.Because it is triangular or quadrangular a thing is said to have a specific character, or again because it is straight or curved; in fact a thing's shape in every case gives rise to a qualification of it.

Rarity and density, roughness and smoothness, seem to be terms indicating quality: yet these, it would appear, really belong to a class different from that of quality.For it is rather a certain relative position of the parts composing the thing thus qualified which, it appears, is indicated by each of these terms.A thing is dense, owing to the fact that its parts are closely combined with one another; rare, because there are interstices between the parts; smooth, because its parts lie, so to speak, evenly; rough, because some parts project beyond others.

There may be other sorts of quality, but those that are most properly so called have, we may safely say, been enumerated.

These, then, are qualities, and the things that take their name from them as derivatives, or are in some other way dependent on them, are said to be qualified in some specific way.In most, indeed in almost all cases, the name of that which is qualified is derived from that of the quality.Thus the terms 'whiteness', 'grammar', 'justice', give us the adjectives 'white', 'grammatical', 'just', and so on.

There are some cases, however, in which, as the quality under consideration has no name, it is impossible that those possessed of it should have a name that is derivative.For instance, the name given to the runner or boxer, who is so called in virtue of an inborn capacity, is not derived from that of any quality; for lob those capacities have no name assigned to them.In this, the inborn capacity is distinct from the science, with reference to which men are called, e.g.boxers or wrestlers.Such a science is classed as a disposition; it has a name, and is called 'boxing' or 'wrestling' as the case may be, and the name given to those disposed in this way is derived from that of the science.Sometimes, even though a name exists for the quality, that which takes its character from the quality has aname that is not a derivative.For instance, the upright man takes his character from the possession of the quality of integrity, but the name given him is not derived from the word 'integrity'.Yet this does not occur often.

We may therefore state that those things are said to be possessed of some specific quality which have a name derived from that of the aforesaid quality, or which are in some other way dependent on it.

同类推荐
  • 昭阳趣史

    昭阳趣史

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 心相篇

    心相篇

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 小辨斋偶存

    小辨斋偶存

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 诸菩萨求佛本业经

    诸菩萨求佛本业经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 仪礼注疏

    仪礼注疏

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
热门推荐
  • 请叫我红颜而免祸水

    请叫我红颜而免祸水

    莫说红颜多祸水,只是我的付出不为你罢了。
  • 深宫怨:倾世璃歌

    深宫怨:倾世璃歌

    一位21世纪职业杀手,在绝望与濒死中穿越到了一个历史上没出现过的朝代,认为自己的血已冷下去的她再别人的感化下慢慢的温了起来,发现原来被人在意被人保护是那么幸福。
  • 纨绔易王妃,王爷走着瞧

    纨绔易王妃,王爷走着瞧

    一次追杀,使冷淡荷穿越到一个没有历史的世界,在哪毒舌王爷居然要娶她为妃,究竟发生了什么,一个在家族中没势力被人欺负的废物要逆袭了。
  • 杀手之王在都市

    杀手之王在都市

    为兄弟,前挡子弹后挡刀,同生共死!为红颜,一生守护心不变,至死不渝!龙三,曾经的至尊杀手,在都市,以纯爷们的方式,谱写一首男儿赞歌。我不做英雄,要做就做枭雄!
  • 恍若蛮荒

    恍若蛮荒

    远古的蛮荒,裹挟着无尽黄沙,是谁当初的誓言,许下磨灭的咒怨?异路之人的降诞,究竟是巧合亦或阴谋?只是一切恍惚,再若隔世
  • 福妻驾到

    福妻驾到

    现代饭店彪悍老板娘魂穿古代。不分是非的极品婆婆?三年未归生死不明的丈夫?心狠手辣的阴毒亲戚?贪婪而好色的地主老财?吃上顿没下顿的贫困宭境?不怕不怕,神仙相助,一技在手,天下我有!且看现代张悦娘,如何身带福气玩转古代,开面馆、收小弟、左纳财富,右傍美男,共绘幸福生活大好蓝图!!!!快本新书《天媒地聘》已经上架开始销售,只要3.99元即可将整本书抱回家,你还等什么哪,赶紧点击下面的直通车,享受乐乐精心为您准备的美食盛宴吧!)
  • 网游升级攻略:网游魔医

    网游升级攻略:网游魔医

    开学时意外得到一张《刃元》游戏的内测激活卡。这种可以本身进入游戏里的游戏,好像很有趣呢。游戏世界,邂逅爱情。暴打白莲花,猛甩渣男。唐凛琯勾唇一笑:“想在游戏里称霸的,跟我来!”承剑:“琯琯,刷副本吗?带我一个!炼药吗?我去买药材!升级吗?我带你去一个升级的好地方!”行走江湖:“无论你做了什么,我都支持你。无论你到哪儿,我都会陪着你。”含笑:“饿了告诉我,我给你做吃的!渴了告诉我,我给你倒水!我会永远陪伴着你的!”从一堆追随者中挤出来一只白色绒毛的小鸟,小鸟一嘟尖嘴,紧蹭着唐凛琯,用心灵感应对唐凛琯说道:“主人,我觉得这些美男都不错,干脆你开个后宫吧!”
  • 鱼鱼进化论

    鱼鱼进化论

    他白衫黑裤,笔直地站在那里,晨曦照下,眉目如画,色转皎然,几乎不像尘世中的人。她,驻在海中,静静地望着如天使般的他
  • 相思谋:妃常难娶

    相思谋:妃常难娶

    某日某王府张灯结彩,婚礼进行时,突然不知从哪冒出来一个小孩,对着新郎道:“爹爹,今天您的大婚之喜,娘亲让我来还一样东西。”说完提着手中的玉佩在新郎面前晃悠。此话一出,一府宾客哗然,然当大家看清这小孩与新郎如一个模子刻出来的面容时,顿时石化。此时某屋顶,一个绝色女子不耐烦的声音响起:“儿子,事情办完了我们走,别在那磨矶,耽误时间。”新郎一看屋顶上的女子,当下怒火攻心,扔下新娘就往女子所在的方向扑去,吼道:“女人,你给本王站住。”一场爱与被爱的追逐正式开始、、、、、、、
  • 雷霆魂王

    雷霆魂王

    救世之雷,是拯救还是毁灭?是同伴还是敌人?是前行还是放弃?我的选择是……