It is not in this recreant spirit that masterpieces are achieved,and Maclaine had better have stayed in the far Highland parish,which bred him,than have attempted to cut a figure in the larger world of London.His famous encounter with Walpole should have covered him with disgrace,for it was ignoble at every point;and the art was so little understood,that it merely added a leaf to his crown of glory.Now,though Walpole was far too wellbred to oppose the demand of an armed stranger,Maclaine,in defiance of his craft,discharged his pistol at an innocent head.True,he wrote a letter of apology,and insisted that,had the one pistol shot proved fatal,he had another in reserve for himself.But not even Walpole would have believed him,had not an amiable faith given him an opportunity for the answering quip:`Can I do less than say I will be hanged if he is?'
As Maclaine was a coward and no thief,so also he was a snob and no gentleman.His boasted elegance was not more respectable than his art.Fine clothes are the embellishment of a true adventurer;they hang ill on the sloping shoulders of a poltroon.
And Maclaine,with all the ostensible weaknesses of his kind,would claim regard for the strength that he knew not.He occupied a costly apartment in St.James's Street;his morning dress was a crimson damask banjam,a silk shag waistcoat,trimmed with lace,black velvet breeches,white silk stockings,and yellow morocco slippers;but since his magnificence added no jot to his courage,it was rather mean than admirable.Indeed,his whole career was marred by the provincialism of his native manse.
And he was the adored of an intelligent age;he basked a few brief weeks in the noonday sun of fashion.
If distinction was not the heritage of the Eighteenth Century,its glory is that now and again a giant raised his head above the stature of a prevailing rectitude.The art of verse was lost in rhetoric;the noble prose,invented by the Elizabethans,and refined under the Stuarts,was whittled away to common sense by the admirers of Addison and Steele.Swift and Johnson,Gibbon and Fielding,were apparitions of strength in an amiable,ineffective age.They emerged sudden from the impeccable greyness,to which they afforded an heroic contrast.So,while the highway drifteddrifted to a vulgar incompetence,the craft was illumined by many a flash of unexpected genius.The brilliant achievements of Jonathan Wild and of Jack Sheppard might have relieved the gloom of the darkest era,and their separate masterpieces make some atonement for the environing cowardice and stupidity.Above all,the Eighteenth Century was Newgate's golden age;now for the first time and the last were the rules and customs of the Jug perfectly understood.If Jonathan the Great was unrivalled in the art of clapping his enemies into prison,if Jack the Slipstring was supreme in the rarer art of getting himself out,even the meanest criminal of his time knew what was expected of him,so long as he wandered within the walled yard,or listened to the ministrations of the snuffbesmirched Ordinary.He might show a lamentable lack of cleverness in carrying off his booty;he might prove a too easy victim to the wiles of the thiefcatcher;but he never fell short of courage,when asked to sustain the consequences of his crime.
Newgate,compared by one eminent author to a university,by another to a ship,was a republic,whose liberty extended only so far as its iron door.While there was no liberty without,there was licence within;and if the culprit,who paid for the smallest indiscretion with his neck,understood the etiquette of the place,he spent his last weeks in an orgie of rollicking lawlessness.He drank,he ate,he diced;he received his friends,or chaffed the Ordinary;he attempted,through the wellpaid cunning of the Clerk,to bribe the jury;and when every artifice had failed he went to Tyburn like a man.If he knew not how to live,at least he would show a resentful world how to die.
`In no country,'wrote Sir T.Smith,a distinguished lawyer of the time,`do malefactors go to execution more intrepidly than in England';and assuredly,buoyed up by custom and the approval of their fellows,Wild's victims made a brave show at the gallows.
Nor was their bravery the result of a common callousness.They understood at once the humour and the delicacy of the situation.
Though hitherto they had chaffed the Ordinary,they now listened to his exhortation with at least a semblance of respect;and though their last night upon earth might have been devoted to a joyous company,they did not withhold their ear from the Bellman's Chant.As twelve o'clock approachedtheir last midnight upon earththey would interrupt the most spirited discourse,they would check the tour of the mellowest bottle to listen to the solemn doggerel.`All you that in the condemn'd hole do lie,'groaned the Bellman of St.Sepulchre's in his duskiest voice,and they who held revel in the condemned hole prayed silence of their friends for the familiar cadences:
All you that in the condemn'd hole do lie,Prepare you,for tomorrow you shall die,Watch all and pray,the hour is drawing near,That you before th'Almighty must appear.
Examine well yourselves,in time repent That you may not t'eternal flames be sent;And when St.Pulchre's bell tomorrow tolls,The Lord above have mercy on your souls.
Past twelve o'clock!
