264 (where Lord Holt's examples are from the Roman law); Brucker v. Fromont, 6 T. R. 659; M'Manus v. Crickett, 1 East, 106; Patten v. Rea, 2 C.B. N.S. 606. In Southern v. How, Popham, 143, Doctor and Student is referred to for the general principles of liability. Doctor and Student states Roman law. See, further, Boson v. Sandford, 1 Shower, 101, 102.
230/2 Bac. Ahr. Master and Servant, K; Smith, Master and Servant (3d ed.), 260, n. (t).
230/3 Clapp v. Kemp, 122 Mass. 481; Murray v. Currie, L.R. 6 C.P.
24, 28; Hill v. Morey, 26 Vt. 178.
230/4 See, e.g., Patten v. Rea, 2 C.B. N.S. 606; Bolingbroke v.
Swindon Local Board, L.R. 9 C.P. 575.
230/5 Freeman v. Rosher, 13 Q.B.780, 785; Gauntlett v. King, 3 C.
B. N.S. 59; Haseler v. Lemoyne, 28 L. J. C.P. 103; Collett v.
Foster, 2 H. & N. 356; Barwick v. English Joint Stock Bank, L.R.
2 Ex. 259, 265, 266; Lucas v. Mason, L.R. 10 Ex. 251, 253, last paragraph; Mackay v. Commercial Bank of New Brunswick, L.R. 5P.C. 394, 411, 412. So as to partners, 3 Kent's Comm. (12th ed.), 46, notes (d) & 1.
231/1 Bush v. Steinman, 1 B. & P. 404, 409.
231/2 6 M. & W. 358. Cf. Udell v. Atherton, 7 H. & N. 172, 184, for a comment like that in the text. Other grounds for the decision are immaterial here.
231/3 Mackay v. Commercial Bank of New Brunswick, L.R. 5 P.C.
394; Barwick v. English Joint Stock Bank, L.R. 2 Ex. 259; Western Bank of Scotland v. Addie, L.R. 1 H. L. Sc. 145; 2 Kent (12th ed.), 616, n. 1; Swift v. Jewsbury, L.R. 9 Q.B.301, overruling S.C. sub nom. Swift v. Winterbotham, L.R. 8 Q.B.244; Weir v.
Bell, 3 Ex. D. 238, 244. The objections which Baron Bramwell mentions (L.R. 9 Q.B.815) to holding one man liable for the frauds of another, are objections to the peculiar consequences attaching to the relation of master and servant in general, and have been urged in that more general form by the same learned judge. 12 Am. Law Rev. 197, 200; 2 H. & N. 856, 361. See 7 Am.
Law Rev. 61, 62.
231/3 7 Am. Law Rev. 63 (Oct. 1872).
232/1 D. 44. 2. 4, note 17, Elzevir ed.
232/2 Hunter's Roman Law, 431.
232/3 Ancient Hist. of Inst. 235.
232/4 Cf. Gillett v. Ball, 9 Penn. St. 13; Craig v. Gilbreth, 47Me. 416; Nickolson v. Knowles, 5 Maddock, 47; Williams v. Port, L.R. 12 Eq. 149; Adams v. Jones, 12 Ad. & El. 455; Bracton, fol.
28 b, 42 b, 43. And compare with the passage cited above from Blackstone: "Possider, cujus riomine possidetur, procurator alienae possessioni praestat ministerium." D. 41. 2. 18, pr.
233/1 Ward v. Macaulay, 4 T. R. 489, 490. Cf. as to factors supra, p. 228.
233/2 Berndtson v. Strang, L.R. 3 Ch. 588, 590.
233/3 Blackburn, Sale, 33; Marvin v. Wallis, 6 El. & Bl. 726.
233/4 D. 41. 2. 18, pr. "Quod meo nomine possideo, possum alieno nomine possidere: nec enim muto mihi causam possessionis, sed desino possidere et alium possessorem ministerio meo facio. Nec idem est possidere et alieno nomine possidere: nam possidet, cujus nomine possidetur, procurator alienae possessioni praestat ministerium." Thus showing that the vendor changed possession by holding in the name of the purchaser, as his agent to possess.
Cf. Bracton, fol. 28 b.
233/4 Windscheid, Pand. Section 155, n. 8 a; 2 Kent (12th ed.), 492, n.
1 (a). It should be kept in mind also that the Roman law denied possession to bailees.
234/1 See, e. g., Farina v. Home, 16 M. & W. 119, 123.
235/1 McGahey v. Moore, 3 Ired. (N. C.) 35.
235/2 Reader v. Moody, 3 Jones, (N. C.) 372. Cf. Basset v.
Maynard, Cro. Eliz. 819, 820.
235/3 Browne v. Dawson, 12 A. & E. 624. Cf. D. 43. 16. 17; ib. 3, Section 9; D. 41. 2. 18, Section 3; Clayton, 147, pl. 268.
236/1 Cf. Bruns, R. d. Besitzes, 503.
237/1 Clark v. Maloney, 3 Harrington (Del.), 68. Bruns (R. d.
Besitzes, 503, 507) comes to the same conclusion on practical grounds of convenience, although he utterly repudiates it on theory. I must refer to what I said above touching these conflicts between theory and convenience.
238/1 Bruns, R. d. Besitzes, Section 57, p. 486. A learned writer of more ancient date asks why a doctor has not a possessory action if you cease to employ him, and answers: "Sentio actionem non tenere, sed sentio tantum, nec si vel morte mineris, possum dicere quare. Tu lector, si sapis, rationes decidendi suggere."Hommel, Rhaps., qu. 489, cited, Bruns, 407.
239/1 Gardiner v. Thibodeau, 14 La. An. 732.
239/2 Bruns, 483.
240/1 2 Kent (12th ed.), 205, n. 1. Cf. Y.B. 21 Hen. VI. 8, 9, pl. 19; American note to Scott v. Shepherd, in 1 Sm. L. C. (Am.
ed.).
240/2 Britton (Nich. ed.), I. 277 (cf. Bract., fol. 164 b; Fleta, fol. 214; Glanv., Lib. XIII. c. 37); Littleton, Sections 237-240, 588, 589; 3 Bl. Comm. 170; 3 Cruise, Dig., tit. xxviii., Rents, ch. 2, Section 34.
241/1 See Lecture XI.
241/2 Cf. Stockport Water Works v. Potter, 3 H. & C. 300, 318.
The language in the seventh English edition of 1 Sm. L. C., 300, is rather too broad. If the law should protect a possessor of land in the enjoyment of water coming to it, it would do so because the use of the water was regarded as a part of the enjoyment of that land, and would by no means imply that it would do the same in the case just put of a way over land of another.
242/1 Jefferies v. Great Western Railway Co., 5 El. & B1. 802.
Cf. Armory v. Delamirie, 1 Strange, 505, 1 Sm. L. C.
242/2 Co. Lit. 145 b.
242/3 2 Wms. Saund. 47 b, note 1, to Wilbraham v. Snow.
242/4 Bract., fol. 150 b, 151; supra, p. 168; Y.B. 22 Ed. I.
466-468.
242/5 Y.B. 48 Ed. III. 20; 11 Hen. IV. 17; 11 Hen. IV. 23, 24; 21Hen. VII. 14. The meaning of sua is discussed in Y.B. 10 Ed. IV.
1, B, by Catesby. Compare Laband, Vermogensrechtlichen Klagen, 111; Heusler, Gewere, 492 et seq., correcting Bruns, R. d.
Besitzes, 300 et seq.; Sohm, Proc. d. L. Sal., Section 6.
243/1 Y.B. 11 Hen. IV. 17, pl. 39.
243/2 Y.B. 21 Hen. VII. 14 b, pl. 23.
243/3 Godbolt, 173, pl. 239. Cf. 11 Hen. IV. 17, pl. 39.
243/4 Bro. Abr. Trespass, pl. 433, cit. Y.B. 13 Hen. VII. 10.
243/5 Kelyng, 89. See, further, Buller, N. P. 33.
243/6 Lecture V.; Y.B. 20 Hen. VII. 1, pl. 11.
243/7 Y.B. 21 lien. VII. 14 b, pl. 23.
243/8 1 Roll. Abr. 4, 5 (I), pl. 1. Cf. Arnold v. Jefferson, 1Ld. Raym. 275.
244/1 29 Ass., fol. 163, pl. 28.
