登陆注册
14723100000169

第169章

But though the circulating capital of every individual makes a part of that of the society to which he belongs, it is not upon that account totally excluded from making a part likewise of their neat revenue. Though the whole goods in a merchant's shop must by no means be placed in his own stock reserved for immediate consumption, they may in that of other people, who, from a revenue derived form other funds, may regularly replace their value to him, together with its profits, without occasioning any diminution either of his capital or of theirs. ( Ibid .)And so we learn hear that:

1) Just as the fixed capital, and the circulating capital required for its reproduction (he forgets the function) and maintenance, are totally excluded from the net revenue of every individual capitalist, which can consist only of his profit, so is the circulating capital employed in the production of articles of consumption. Hence that portion of his commodity-product which replaces his capital cannot resolve itself into constituents of value which form any revenue for him.

2) The circulating capital of each individual capitalist constitutes a part of society's circulating capital the same as every individual fixed capital.

3) The circulating capital of society, while representing only the sum of the individual circulating capitals, has a character different from that of the circulating capital of every individual capitalist. The latter circulating capital can never form a part of his own revenue ; however a portion of the first-named circulating capital (namely that consisting of consumable goods) may at the same time form a portion of the revenue of society or, as he had expressed it above, it must not necessarily reduce the net revenue of society by a portion of the annual product. Indeed, that which Adam Smith here calls circulating capital consists of the annually produced commodity-capital, which is thrown into circulation annually by the capitalists producing articles of consumption. This entire annual commodity product of theirs consists of consumable goods and therefore forms the fund in which the net revenues of society (including wages) are realised or expended. Instead of choosing for his illustration the goods in a merchant's shop, Adam Smith should have selected the masses of goods stored away in the warehouses of the industrial capitalists.

Now if Adam Smith had welded together the snatches of thought which forced themselves upon him at first in the study of the reproduction of that which he calls fixed, and now of that which he calls circulating capital, he would have arrived at the following result:

I. The annual product of society consists of two departments: one of them comprises the means of production, the other the articles of consumption.

Each must be treated separately.

II. The aggregate value of that part of the annual product which consists of means of production is divided as follows: One portion of the value represents only the value of the means of production consumed in the fabrication of these means of production; it is but capital-value re-appearing in a renewed form; another portion is equal to the value of the capital laid out in labour-power, or equal to the sum of wages paid by the capitalists in this sphere of production. Finally, a third portion of value is the source of profits, including ground-rent, of the industrial capitalists in this category.

The first constituent part, according to Adam Smith the reproduced portion of the fixed capital of all the individual capitalists employed in this first section, is "totally excluded from making any part of the "neat revenue,"either of the individual capitalist or of society. It always functions as capital, never as revenue. To that extent the "fixed capital" of every individual capitalist is in no way different from the fixed capital of society. But the other portions of value of the annual product of society consisting of means of production -- portions of value which therefore exist in aliquot parts of this aggregate quantity of means of production -- form indeed simultaneously revenues for all agents engaged in this production , wages for the labourers, profits and ground-rents for the capitalists. But they form capital , not revenue, for society , although the annual product of society consists only of the sums of the products of the individual capitalists who belong to that society. By nature they are generally fit to function only as means of production, and even those which, if need be, might be able to function as articles of consumption are intended for service as raw or auxiliary materials of new production.

But they serve as such -- hence as capital -- not in the hands of their producers, but in those of their users, namely:

III. The capitalists of the second department, the direct producers of articles of consumption . They replace for these capitalists the capital consumed in the production of articles of consumption (so far as this capital is not converted into labour-power, and hence is not the sum of the wages of the labourers of this second department), while this consumed capital, which now exists in the form of articles of the consumption in the hands of the capitalist producing them -- socially speaking -- in its turn forms the consumption-fund in which the capitalists and labourers of the first department realise their revenue .

同类推荐
  • 准提心要

    准提心要

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 佛说大三摩惹经

    佛说大三摩惹经

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 曲品

    曲品

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 星槎胜览

    星槎胜览

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
  • 武当福地总真集

    武当福地总真集

    本书为公版书,为不受著作权法限制的作家、艺术家及其它人士发布的作品,供广大读者阅读交流。
热门推荐
  • 奸妃

    奸妃

    她是人们口中狐媚惑主的“奸妃”,她是后宫翻云覆雨的幕后推手,她被迫受宠却又主动下堂。一个样貌平凡的女子如何能让一位帝王念念不忘?她给了他一个局,一个到了也逃脱不开的局。静静走入这个局,不要带杂念,给诸君看一段故事.
  • 查理九世之甜心紫曦

    查理九世之甜心紫曦

    一名学生,一名差生,喜欢写作。一天,竟然穿越到了自己写的查理九世同人小说!会发生什么样的故事呢?
  • 极品魔法师

    极品魔法师

    在一个武道昌盛,魔法没落的时代,一个名为李凌的天才横空出世,他将颠覆人们对魔法的认知,让魔法焕发出新的生命力。李凌:你说我是武道奇才,应该主修武道?不,我更喜欢魔法。为什么?这还用问,你不觉得魔法更加炫酷更加拉风吗?魔法师没有未来?嗯,那我就创造一个未来!
  • 复仇公主要复仇

    复仇公主要复仇

    她欧阳紫月从5岁失去母亲,遭父亲逐出家门,流落街头,被富贵人家领回家,去了死亡岛被训练成世界中令人闻风丧胆的第一杀手,复仇公主的复仇游戏即将开始!!
  • 古剑外传

    古剑外传

    三国时期的青釭剑流落江湖,亦正亦邪的战神之刃扰乱了本就纷争不断的江湖,一场武林浩劫即将到来......
  • 俯视

    俯视

    这世间很多人不能选择生,不能选择过程,不能选择死亡,连死后世界都不能选择,如果给你一次机会,你会选择死后的善?还是死后的恶?
  • 帅哥,我们来凑一对吧

    帅哥,我们来凑一对吧

    明明是畢業實習,怎麼學長也在。明明是畢業舞會,怎麼學長也在。明明是宿醉起來,怎麼學長也在。媽呀!怎麼哪裡都有學長在!
  • TFBOYS倾梦一诺

    TFBOYS倾梦一诺

    『只为赴你十年之约』『只有深爱,才会心痛』王俊凯,你知道我喜欢你吗?——by:夏倾诺。王源,你呀,怎么总是那么迟钝呢?——by:许依依。易烊千玺,希望……我能解开你心中的锁。——by:韩凌希。【我们也和你们一样,深深爱着那三个发着光的少年。】
  • 仙欲求魔

    仙欲求魔

    盗墓的发现成为几十年后的绝迹,业务爱好盗墓者靠着这本“图文密码”已然踏上星空古路,进入未知的一个星域!那里群雄逐鹿,高手如云!
  • 武林大爆炸

    武林大爆炸

    真功夫从来不怕传,拳术本身不存在高低,差的是人。崔山鹰年少习武,一生无败绩!斗天下,战擂台,见生死,北名南扬,血雨腥风铸造一代形意宗师之路!