登陆注册
14723100000127

第127章

In this entire section we have discussed only the turnovers of the circulating capital, not those of the fixed, for the simple reason that the question at issue has nothing to do with fixed capital. The instruments of labour, etc., employed in the process of production form only fixed capital, inasmuch as their time of employment exceeds the period of turnover of the circulating capital; inasmuch as the period of time during which these instruments of labour continue to serve in perpetually repeated labour-processes is greater than the period of turnover of the circulating capital, and hence equal to the n periods of turnover of the circulating capital. Regardless of whether the total time represented by these n periods of turnover of the circulating capital is longer or shorter, that portion of the productive capital which was advanced for this time in fixed capital is not advanced anew during its course. It continues its functions in its old use-form.

The difference is merely this: In proportion to the varying length of a single working period of each period of turnover of the circulating capital, the fixed capital gives up a greater or smaller part of its original value to the product of that working period, and proportionally to the duration of the circulation time of each period of turnover this value-part of the fixed capital given up to the product returns quicker or slower in money-form. The nature of the subject we are discussing in this section -- the turnover of the circulating portion of productive capital -- derives from the very nature of this portion. The circulating capital employed in a working period cannot be applied in a new working period until it has completed its turnover, until it has been transformed into commodity-capital, from that into money-capital, and from that back into productive capital.

Hence, in order that the first working period may be immediately followed by a second, capital must be advanced anew and converted into the circulating elements of productive capital, and its quantity must be sufficient to fill the void occasioned by the circulation period of the circulating capital advanced or the first working period. This is the source of the influence exerted by the length of the working period of the circulating capital over the scale of the labour-process and the division of the advanced capital or the addition of new portions of capital. This was precisely what we had to examine in this section.

IV. CONCLUSION>From the preceding investigation it follows that A . The different portions into which capital must be divided in order that one part of it may be continually in the working period while others are in the period of circulation, relieve one another, like different independent individual capitals, in two cases: (1) when the working period is equal to the period of circulation, so that the period of turnover is divided into two equal sections; (2) when the period of circulation is longer than the working period, but at the same time is a simple multiple of the working period, so that one period of circulation is equal to n working periods, in which case n must be a whole number. In these cases no portion of the successively advanced capital is set free.

B . On the other hand in all cases in which (1) the period of circulation is longer than the working period without being a simple multiple of it, and (2) in which the working period is longer than the circulation period, a portion of the total circulating capital is set free continually and periodically at the close of each working period, beginning with the second turnover. This freed capital is equal to that portion of the total capital which has been advanced for the circulation period, provided the working period is longer than the period of circulation; and equal to that portion of the capital which has to fill up the excess of the circulation period over the working period or over a multiple of working periods, provided the circulation period is longer than the working period.

C . It follows that for the aggregate social capital, so far as its circulating part is concerned, the release of capital must be the rule, while the mere alternation of portions of capital functioning successively in the production process must be the exception. For the equality of the working and circulation periods, or the equality of the period of circulation and a simple multiple of the working period, this regular proportionality of the two components of the period of turnover has absolutely nothing to do with the nature of the case and for this reason it can occur on the whole only as a matter of exception.

A very considerable portion of the social circulating capital, which is turned over several times a year, will therefore periodically exist in the form of released capital during the annual turnover cycle.

It is furthermore evident that, all other circumstances being equal, the magnitude of the released capital grows with the volume of the labour-process or with the scale of production, hence with t he development of capitalist production in general. In the case cited under B , (2), because the total advanced capital increases; in B (1), because with the development of capitalist production the length of the period of circulation grows, hence also the period of turnover in those cases where the working period is less than the period of circulation, and there is no regular ratio between the two periods.

In the first case for instance we had to invest £100 per week. This required £600 for a working period of 6 weeks, £300for a circulation period of 3 weeks, totalling £900. In that case £300 are released continually. On the other hand if £300 are invested weekly, we have £1,800 for the working period and £900for the circulation period. Hence £900 for the circulation period.

Hence £900 instead of £300 are periodically set free.

同类推荐
热门推荐
  • TFBOYS之甜宠源妻

    TFBOYS之甜宠源妻

    这是一个脑洞大到可以包括全宇宙的坑!此文纯属虚构,若有雷同纯属巧合,禁止上升真人×1108!“什么叫娘炮?什么叫像个女孩子?人家明明就是个女孩子嘛!”左手揽夫君,右手挽老公,齐人之福什么鬼的,那也得有命承受!“宝贝,为夫一人还不能满足你吗?”“啊啊啊啊啊啊啊老公我错了!”和享福什么的比起来,果然还是小命最重要。
  • 秀吉的秘密

    秀吉的秘密

    秀吉X优子,禁断姐弟恋神马的总觉得好罪恶!不过仔细一看,貌似只是很暧昧而已!再仔细一看,原来......
  • 君临天下之冰封

    君临天下之冰封

    她姓君,君临天下的君,她是六界之主,是万物的创造者,但是小时候经历的一件事却改变了她的一生。画一朵苍凉,捕一段时光,尘世里的遇见,寂如烟花。谁把前世的繁华,今生的落寂都吟成落叶上一楼清霜!红尘紫陌,缘来缘去,时光就这样在指间徘徊,纠缠成美丽的风景,在一切风景过后,寂寞如烟,散尽惆怅。
  • 我的女友是九尾狐

    我的女友是九尾狐

    家里养只狐狸精,从此宅男青年燕小川过上了没羞没躁的新生活。“小川川,我要吃肉。”小狐意犹未尽的舔了舔还泛着油光的白皙手指。燕小川看着坐在床边踢腾着小脚的小狐,苦着脸:“姑奶奶,你刚才已经吃了十斤肉了,你还要吃?”“可是人家还没吃饱嘛!”小狐咬着手指,眨着可爱的大眼睛。“没有了,我的钱都被你吃光了!”燕小川果断将头扭到了一边。“没有的话那我可就吃你了喔。”小狐抱住了燕小川的脖子。燕小川吞了吞口水,二话不说,呈大字型躺在床上,某个【哔】高高立了起来,大义凛然的说道:“来吃吧!”注:这是一部轻松休闲的都市YY小说,虽会涉及到妖怪神仙,但在设定上与其他小说会有很大不同,另外本书不会走上都市后期转修真的老路。
  • 吸血鬼之苦涩情缘

    吸血鬼之苦涩情缘

    当吸血鬼来到人间,一切事物将会如何改变,打乱了的生活该如何继续下去,当死亡悄悄逼近,爱情悄悄产生,人与吸血鬼的爱恋,该如何结尾,明明知道不能爱,却义无反顾的深陷,然后,我们,一起面对?不,不会,我不会!
  • 辞旧迎新:除夕

    辞旧迎新:除夕

    春节对于中国人来讲可谓最为重要的节日,似乎每一个中国人对它都十分了解,但是我们真的了解春节,了解除夕吗?你熟知除夕的历史来源吗?除夕之夜压岁钱放鞭炮又是出于何时何种典故?南方北方及个少数民族在除夕之夜所备食物又有何差异?本书就对关于中国传统节日——除夕进行全面而细致的解析。
  • 隐婚吧,总裁大人!

    隐婚吧,总裁大人!

    他是屹立在食物链顶端的神秘钻石男,身世显赫却不近女色。她是娱乐圈被黑出新高度的万年女配,声名狼籍却桀骜不驯。一纸婚约,有名无实,他把她牢牢攥在手心。某日,念倾心揉着透支严重的腰:秦总,要不是你给的钞票厚,我真想翻脸!秦逸冷眸一瞥,甩手一本支票砸过去:包你一辈子。受此大辱,念倾心彻底怒了,掀桌,躺地,撒泼,打滚:离婚,还我自由!秦逸二话不说欺身压下:原来老婆大人喜欢在地上做。有人问,秦逸和念倾心究竟是什么关系?大总裁一本正经地对全世界宣布:她是承包我下半生和下半身的女人。
  • 甜婚:总裁擒妻有妙招

    甜婚:总裁擒妻有妙招

    他是恶魔,刻意接近她,摧毁了她的家庭,她的学业,她的爱情!三年后,她苟且生活,却再次撞见了他!“想一刀两断?告诉你,你别做白日梦了,这辈子,我就要死死的缠住你,让你永远都没有出头之日,你永远都别想摆脱我的掌控!”“费总太自以为是了!你以为你是谁?”“我是谁?”他压了上来,“睡睡就知道了!”可是,费先生,要报复为什么非要结婚?又是谁没完没了的缠着她?追妻哪是那么好追!
  • 魔瞳邪子

    魔瞳邪子

    亿万年前,吾被世人尊称为舍目圣人。众人皆知吾广爱慈心,殊不知吾之孤独。亿万年后,我轮回为魔瞳邪子,弃我慈心广爱,只为求得心之所爱。
  • 阵罚

    阵罚

    现代阵法研究人员带着一脑袋或成熟或生涩的阵法知识穿越的故事