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第91章 论文选萃(72)

The use of iconography,color,and arrangement of elements to validate private religious worship could encourage a positive discourse about autonomous religious.

Time appear to endorse the private religious worldview over the public one.The more negative portrayal of institutions,however,could have consequences for denominational structures.That is,religious organizations that depend on the media to educate and inform the public may find that such channels of information no longer disseminate denominational symbols like they did in the past.These findings,then,might be useful to church representatives as they plan campaigns and analyze their communication with the press.

Time's synthesis of religion with other areas such as art,entertainment and science suggests that economic influence on content is very strong.It seems that religion cannot stand alone as a news topic without some attachment to the latest book or movie.This may signal the trivialization of religious information discussed by Postman(1992)where deeper,more thorough treatment of morality and ethics is glossed over.The second possibility is that Time's portrayal of religion is actually a secular discussion,not a religious one.Religion is introduced as the topic,but the emphasis is often on the secular-most often with emphasis on science and philosophy as a means of understanding religious events.

Additional research is needed to understand the varied tone within portrayals of private and institutional religion.Perhaps journalistic standards are applied in warning readers about the potential misdeeds of religious leaders and their teachings.Or,positive depictions of private religion practice may indicate gravitation toward this type of worship within the culture.Future studies should examine this trend more closely.It is clear,however,that the use of negative imagery may encourage public discussion about various sects that is cautious and skeptical.If such discourse actually occurs,this could impact the ways various groups are accepted and accommodated by the larger society.

References

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Barthes,R.(1981).Camera Lucida:Reflections on Photography(R.Howard,Trans.).New York:Hill&Wang.

Bellah,R.(1970).Beyond Belief:Essays on Religion in a Post-traditional World.New York:Harper&Row.

Boorstin,D.(1962).The Image:or What Happened to the American Dream.New York:Atheneum.

Carter,T.&Herman,B.L.(1990).Ritual and The Representation of Power in High and Popular art.Journal of Ritual Studies,4(summer).

Chen,C.H.(2003).“Molympics”?The Discourse of Mormons in Relation to the 2002 Winter Olympic Games.Journal of Media and Religion,2(1),pp.29-47.

Eliade,M.(1987).The Sacred and the Profane:The Nature of Religion.New York:Harcourt.

Haley,E.,White,C.,&Cunningham,A.(2001).Branding Religion:Christian Consumers'Understanding of Christian Products.In D.A.Stout&J.M.Buddenbaum(Eds.),Religion and Popular Culture,pp.269-288.Ames:Iowa State University Press.

Hall,S.(1975).Introduction.In E.Immirzi&T.Blackwell(Eds.),Paper voices:The Popular Press and Social Change 1935-1965,pp.11-24.London:Chatto&Windus.

Hess,M.E.(2001).Media Literacy as a Support for the Development of a Responsible Imagination in Religious Community.In D.A.Stout&J.M.Buddenbaum(Eds.),Religion and Popular Culture,pp.289-312.Ames:Iowa State University Press.

Hoover,S.M.(2001).Religion,Media,and the Cultural Center of Gravity.In D.A.Stout&J.M.Buddenbaum(Eds.),Religion and Popular Culture,pp.49-60.Ames,Iowa:Iowa State University Press.

Johnson,S.(2002).The Art and Science of Magazine Cover Research.Journal of Magazine and New media Research,5(1),online version.

Johnson,S.&Christ,W.G.(1995).The Representation of Women:The News Magazine Cover as an International Cultural Artifact.In D.A.Newsom&B.J.Carrell(Eds.),Silent Voices,pp.215-235.Lanham,MD:University Press of America.

Kerr,P.,A.,&Moy,P.(2002).Newspaper Coverage of Fundamentalist Christians.Journalism&Mass Communications Quarterly,79(1),pp.54-72.

Kerr,P.A.(2003).The Framing of Fundamentalist Christians:Network Television News.Journal of Media and Religion,2(4),pp.203-305.

McCracken,E.(1992).Decoding Women's Magazines:From Mademoiselle to Ms.New York:Palgrave Macmillan.

McDannell,C.(1995).Material Christianity:Religion and Popular Culture in America.New Haven:Yale University Press.

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Miles,M.(2002).Image.In S.B.Plate(Ed.),Religion,Art,and Visual Culture:A Cross Cultural Reader,pp.62-66.New York:Palgrave.

Mirzoeff,N.(1999).An Introduction to Visual Culture.London,New York:Routledge.

Mitchell,W.J.T.(1994).Picture Theory:Essays on Verbal and Visual Representation.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

Morgan,D.(1998).Visual Piety:A History and Theory of Popular Religious Images.Berkeley:University of California Press.

Morgan,D.&Promey,S.M.(Eds.).(2001).The Visual Culture of American Religions.Berkley,Los Angeles,London:University of California Press.

Parsons,T.(1960).Structure and Process in Modern Societies.Glencoe,Ill.:Free Press.

Perry,S.D.&Wolfe,A.S.(2001).Testifications:Fan Response to a Contemporary Christian Music Artist's Death.In D.A.Stout&J.M.Buddenbaum(Eds.),Religion and Popular Culture,pp.251-268.Ames:Iowa State University Press.

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