医院挂号
在中国去医院看病都是需要挂号的，挂号有普通号和专家号两种。在国外，生病时，人们通常会去看当地的医生。美国很多医生都开私人诊所，也就是说他们有自己的办公室、职员和护士来开展医疗服务。很多人在很长的一段时间定期到一位医生那里去进行体检、接种疫苗，再看些病，这样他们就会与一位医生建立起很密切的病人和医生的关系了。
典型对话
1.寻问挂哪科
A：Can I help you？A：我可以帮你忙吗？B：I had a bad cold.I coughed a great deal and couldn't go to sleep at night.B：我得了重感冒，咳得厉害，晚上甚至不能睡觉。A：You'd better see a physician.A：你最好看看内科。B：OK.B：好的。
2.排队挂号
A： As it's so busy，will it be all right if I come back later？ A：现在病人那么多，我过会儿再来挂号行吗？ B：You'd better wait，because the registration time is between 8 and 11 o'clock，and now it's almost 10：15.B：我看你还是等等吧，挂号时间是8—11点；而现在已快10点15分啦。A：Can I register now and see the doctor in the afternoon？A：我现在先挂个号，下午再来看病，行吗？B：Yes，you can，but if you don't wait，a lot of patients will be before you，and you won't be able to get the chance to see the doctor today.Besides，since you have a high temperature，the sooner you see the doctor，the better. B：行倒是行，可你要是不等的话，许多病人就会排到了你的前面，今天你就看不上病了。再说，你正在发烧，尽早看病不是更好嘛。A：I see.I'd better wait then.A：是啊，还是等吧。B：Take the lift to the fourth floor，go through the double doors on your right，and go along the corridor until you see the Medical Department on your left.B：先乘电梯上四楼，右拐弯穿过双门，沿走廊一直向前，左边便是。A：Thanks a lot.By the way，what day is the consultant available？A：多谢。对了，专家门诊是星期几？B：Every Tuesday afternoon.B：每周二下午。A：Oh，that's today.So I'm lucky.A：喔，那不正是今天嘛，这么说，我真走运。
3.第一次挂号
A：I want to make a registration for the ENT department.This is my first time here.A：我要挂耳鼻喉科，我第一次来。B：You have to open a medical record.Fill in the form fist，please.B：你要买一份病历，请先填表。A：OK！Do I get a designated doctor？A：行了，你们有什么指定医生吗？B：A couple of doctors are available to see you.Do you have any preference？B：我们这里有几位医生，你想要谁给你看？A：Could you fit me in Doctor Wang？A：我想让王医生看。B：Yes，I can.The registration fee is ten Yuan.B：好的。挂号费是十元。
4.专家号
A：How much does it cost for the registration fee？A：挂号费是多少？B：Generally speaking，it costs 3 yuan，but for specialists you have to pay 2 more.B：普通医生是三元，专家号是五元。A：Then I want to see a specialist.Here is the money.A：我要个专家号。钱在这儿。B：All right.Here is the registration receipt.B：好的。这是挂号单。A：Which floor shall I go？A：我应该去哪层？B：It's on the second floor.B：在二楼。A：Thanks.Bye.A：谢谢。再见。B：Bye.B：再见。
5.挂号卡
A：Do you want to see a doctor？A：您要看病吗？B：Yes，where shall I register？B：是的，该在哪里挂号？A：Here.Have you ever been here before？A：就在这儿，您以前来这儿看过病吗？B：Yes，three months ago.B：是的，三个月前来过。A：Have you a registration card？A：你有挂号卡吗？B：Yes，here it is.B：有，在这儿呢。
6.外科挂号已满
A：I'd like to make a registration for the department of surgery.A：我想挂外科门诊号。B：Sorry，sir.But the department of sur
gery is very busy today，I'm afraid it has been full.B：抱歉先生，今天外科门诊很忙，恐怕已经满了。A：But could you mind making an exception for me？ I'm an athlete from China.I fell down just in match and hurt my legs.The day after tomorrow I'll have a competition.I feel worried about it.A：不过你能不能网开一面，我是中国运动员，刚才比赛摔倒并伤了腿，后天我就要参加比赛，我很担心。B：Are you an athlete for the Olympic Games？B：你是奥运会运动员？A：Yes.Here is my passport.A：是的，这是我的护照。B：Very well，we have a special office in charge of things like this.I'll take you there.B：很好，我们有专门的科室负责此类事情，我带你去。
7.给父亲挂个号
A：I want to register my father.A：我想给我父亲挂个号。B：Is it for emergency case？B：是看急诊吗？A：Yes.Can someone look at him right away，please？A：是的。请问有谁能马上给他看看吗？B：An intern will see him now.Please fill out this form.You are foreign，aren't you？B：有位实习医生可以给他看。请填写这张表。你是外国来的，对吗？A：Yes，we're from China.A：是的，我们从中国来的。B：Then in addition to your proof of insurance，we'll need a down payment.B：那么除保险证明外，你们还需预交一笔款。
在急诊室
在美国，动用一次救护车就是数千元的费用，虽说保险公司会全包，但是如果大家都滥用这些服务，就会导致保险费用上涨，最后损失的还是个人。我国大部分城市和县都已开通了医疗专用120急救电话，120急救电话24小时有专人接听，接到电话可立即派出救护车和急救人员，是最方便快捷的方法。有些没有开通120的地区，医院也向社会公布了专用急救电话号码，病人可以选择要去的医院拨打。值得一提的是，北京市的急救电话除了120外，还有999，120是北京市急救中心的急救电话，而999是北京市红十字会紧急救援中心的急救电话。
典型对话
1.派救护车
A：Is this the Friendship Hospital？Please send an ambulance to 68 Hu Nan Road， the 3rd floor.A：是友谊医院吗？请派一辆救护车到湖南路68号，三楼。B：Is it urgent？Our ambulances are not enough to meet every call. B：是不是很紧急？我们的救护车不很宽裕。A：Of course， it's urgent.I think the patient is suffering from a cute appendicitis. He may die if not treated in time. A：当然很紧急。我想这个病人是患了急性阑尾炎。如果救护不及时，他可能会有生命危险。B：All right， we'll come right away. B：好吧。我们立刻就来。A：OK.A：好的。
2.担架床
A：Where's the patient？A：病人在哪儿？B：He's there in the room. He's very ill. B：在房间里。他病得很厉害。A：Don't worry. We'll put him in the stretcher. You are coming with us？ Step in please. A：不用担心，我们会把他放在担架床上的。你也跟着来吗？请上来吧。B：Carry him into the emergency ward. B：把他抬到急救室去。
3.手指割破
A：Help me，Miss.I've cut my finger and it hurts so much.A：帮帮我，小姐。我的手指割破了，痛得厉害。B：Oh，it's bleeding so.How did it happen？B：噢，流这么多血。怎么搞的？A：I was chopping some pork when it happened.I had it banded with a band aid but it didn't stop bleeding.A：我切肉时切的。我用创可贴包起来，血还是流个不停。B：You're right to come here.Let me see...Ah，a deep cut.I have to wash and redress it.It might be hurting，but it is needed.B：你来这儿是对的。我看看，割得这么深。我得清洗并重新包扎。可能有些疼，但必须这样。
4.感觉怎么样
A：What's wrong with him？A：他是怎么回事？B：His car rushed into my truck，and he was injured and lost his consciousness.I called the police at once and asked several people to carry him here.The spot of the accident is only 200 or 300 meters away from the hospital.I have learned how to give first aid to the injured.B：他的车撞着我的车了。他受了伤，失去了知觉，我马上给警察打了电话，然后就叫了几个人把他抬到了这里。事故地点离这所医院只有两三百米。我曾经学过如何对伤者进行急救。A：Oh，he's come to himself now.A：唔，他苏醒过来了。C：Where am I？C：这是在什么地方呀？A：Here is the Emergency Department of the Jackson Hospital.Don't move.How do you feel？A：这是杰克逊医院的急诊科。不要动。您感觉怎样？C：I seem to have run into a truck，got the steering wheel in my chest and hit my head on the windscreen.I feel a pain in my chest.C：我似乎撞上了一辆卡车，方向盘顶了我的胸部，而且头撞到了挡风玻璃上。我觉得脑部有点痛。
5.寻问症状
A：Doctor，I've got an awful pain in my belly.I feel like vomiting，going to throw up all the time.A：医生，我的肚子疼得厉害。我感到恶心，总是想吐。B：How long have you had it？B：你这种状况多长时间了？A：From last night.First，it was in the middle of the belly，but this morning，it moved to the right.A：从昨天晚上，一开始在肚子当中，但今天早晨移到了右边。B：Does it hurt seriously？B：疼得厉害吗？A：Yes.Ar first it wasn't too bad.But later，it hurts more seriously，and now it is nearly killing me.A：是的。刚开始不太厉害。但是后来疼得更厉害了，现在真快要疼死了。B：Point with your finger where it hurts the most right now.B：用手指着你最疼的地方。A：OK，here，just here.A：好吧，这里，就是这里。
6.送饭
A：What's the trouble with him， doctor？A：医生，他是什么病？B：He had appendicitis， but is all right now that it was removed. He'll have to rest for a few weeks to recover. B：他患了阑尾炎，但现在割掉后已经没事了。他得休息几个星期才能康复。A：May I send food for him？A：我可以给他送饭吗？B：No， outside food is not permitted. B：不行，外面的食物是不准送进来的。A：Can I come round to see him tomorrow？A：我明天能不能来看他呢？B：Yes. But first you must observe the visiting hours， it's from 2 to 5 p.m. By the way， consult the nurse before you enter the ward.B：可以。但首先要遵守探视的时间，下午2点至5点。另外，进入病房之前得先让护士批准才行。A：Yes. Thank you. A：好的，谢谢你。
传统中医
中医指中国传统医学，中医一般指中国以汉族劳动人民创造的传统医学为主的医学，所以也称汉医。中国其他传统医学，如藏医、蒙医、苗医等等则被称为民族医学。中医学以阴阳五行作为理论基础，将人体看成是气、形、神的统一体，通过望、闻、问、切，四诊合参的方法，探求病因、病性、病位、分析病机及人体内五脏六腑、经络关节、气血津液的变化、判断邪正消长，进而得出病名，归纳出证型，以辨证论治原则，制定“汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消”等治法，使用中药、针灸、推拿、按摩、拔罐、气功、食疗等多种治疗手段，使人体达到阴阳调和而康复。
典型对话
1.怎么了
A：What's the matter with you？A：你怎么了？B：I'm suffering from rheumatism.B：我患了风湿病。A：How long have you suffered from rheumatism？A：你患风湿病多长时间了？B：More than three years.B：3年多了。A：Which of your joints were affected？A：你哪个关节受损了？B：At first，only the two knees.B：起初只是两个膝盖。A：And now？A：现在呢？B：Almost all the joints of my body are aching.B：我身上几乎所有的关节都疼。
2.询问病情
A：When does your pain become more intense？A：什么时候疼痛加剧？B：On motion.B：活动时。A：And during rainy days？A：下雨天呢？B：Oh yes，it becomes unbearable on rainy days.B：噢，是的，下雨天我都受不了。A：How do you feel when you get up in the morning？A：你早上起来有什么感觉？B：It's almost unbearable.B：几乎受不了。
3.草药橡皮膏
A：I stabbed my finger on a rusty nail and now the stab wound is discharging bad smelling pus.A：我的手指头上刺了一个生锈的铁钉，现在伤口流着脓。B：Let me see it.The wound has got some swelling.I'll use a plaster made of several herbs to heal it.This kind of plaster is a vulnerary.It's very effective.But you must change the plaster each day for a week.B：我看看，伤口有些肿。用草药橡皮膏来医治，这种橡皮膏是一种伤药，很有效，必须在一个礼拜内每天换药。
4.胃不舒服
A：I feel tired and have had no appetite recently.A：最近我觉得累而且没有胃口。B：Let me take your pulse and see your mouth...Your digestive system，including your liver and stomach，doesn't function very well.I'll prepare a medi
cine of my own to make some improvement.Don't eat greasy meat.Eat light.Avoid liquor，tea and spices and heavily salted food during my treatment.B：让我给你把把脉，看看你的嘴……你的消化系统、肝胃功能不太好，我用自己的配方来调整它们，不要吃油腻的肉，吃淡一点，治疗期间避开酒、茶和辛辣的东西，也不要吃太咸的食物。A：OK.A：好。B：I've ground herbs into powder for your convenience.You just swallow the powder with boiled water.This medicine is mild.You have to take it three times a day for a month.B：为了使你方便，已经把药草磨成粉末，你只要用开水吞服就好。这种药药性温和，一天吃三回，吃一个月。
5.针灸
A：I feel stiffening and fatigue.A：我感到身体僵直、疲劳。B：What drugs have you taken？B：你服的是什么药？A：I've taken a lot of analgesics.But they are not so effective.A：我服了许多止痛药，但效果不明显。B：I would like to treat you with acupunture if you agree.Look，these are the needles.I'll put them into certain points on your body.B：如果你同意的话，我用针刺疗法给你治疗。看这些针。我要把它们刺入你身体的某些关节。A：Won' t they hurt me，doctor？A：会不会伤害我，医生？B：Don' t be afraid.When I insert needles into the points you will have the feeling as you have injection.Then you will have a feeling of distention and numbness.B：别担心。把针刺入你的关节时，你会有与打针同样的感觉。然后你就会有膨胀和麻木感。
6.生效了
A：I feel much better now，doctor.The treatment seems to have worked.A：医生，我现在觉得好多了。这种治疗方法看来生效了。B：Do you still have any pain at all？B：你现在还痛吗？A：Only a little bit from time to time.When you manipulated my back，the pain was unbearable，but afterwards，I felt better.Is there anything that I can do to help？A：只是偶尔微微作痛。你给我推拿背部的时候，真痛得受不了，但推完了以后，就舒服多了。我能做一些配合治疗的事吗？B：Yes.Don't do any violent physical exercise，or lift any heavy weights.Put a board on top of the mattress on your bed with just a sheet over it，and don't sleep on the sofa.B：行啊。不要做剧烈运动，也不要搬重物。床上铺上木板，板床上只铺一条被单，不要睡沙发。A：I see，doctor.A：知道了，医生。
打针吃药
打针通常打在静脉里面，注射方式为跟找到的血管呈45度角进入，并稍微将血管轻轻提起，稍微反抽（需要有回血）。通常剂量较低，但是作用时速快。在国外看病一般都需要预约。如果是得了急病，可以直接送诊所或医院，只是一般头疼发烧到医院看病，不经过事先预约，你甚至连医生的面都见不着。看医生的病人经过预约后，到规定的时间再来，因为医生没有理由置其他病人于不顾，先来给你诊断，除非你的病很严重，需要立即医治。
典型对话
1.发烧
A：What's wrong with you？A：你怎么了？B：I've got a fever.Last night my mother took the temperature for me.It's 39.7℃.B：我发烧了。昨晚我妈妈给我量了体温，39.7℃。A：Yes，you must take some medicine.A：呀，你得吃点药。
2.配处方(1)
A：Excuse me．A：打扰一下。B：Yes？What is it？B：有什么事吗？A：I want to have this prescription filled．A：我想配这份处方。B：The druggist will do it for you．B：药剂师可以给你配好。A：Where is he？A：他在哪儿呢？B：He is at the back of the store．B：在店后面。
3.配处方(2)
A：Can you fill this prescription for me？A：你能为我配一下这份处方吗？B：Sure．Please give it to me．B：好的，请给我。A：Will there be a long wait？A：要等很长时间吗？B：No．Take a seat please．It takes only ten minutes．B：不用。请坐一会儿，只要十分钟。B：Here is your prescription．B：这是你的药。
4.服用量
A：How long will these pills last？A：这些药能吃多长时间？B：They are enough for three days．B：够服用三天。A：What's the dosage？A：服用量是多少？B：Take one pill half an hour after every meal．The instructions are on the label．B：每餐后半个小时服一片。标签上有说明。A：Are they very strong？A：药效很强吗？B：That's right．They may make you a little drowsy．B：对，可能会让你有点瞌睡。
5.取药
A：May I get my medicine here？A：在这儿取药吗？B：Yes，where is your prescription？B：是的。你的药方呢？A：Here.A：在这儿。B：Here are your medicines.B：这是你的药。A：Would you please tell me how to take them？A：你可以告诉我怎么服药吗？B：Sure.You should take three times a day for each of them，half an hour before or after meals.And drinking more water is acceptable.B：当然可以。每种药每天吃三次，饭前或饭后半小时服用，并要大量饮水。A：Thanks a lot for your suggestion.A：谢谢你的指导。
6.做皮试
A：I don't want to take medicine.I have an exam to pass tomorrow.A：我不想吃药我明天还要参加考试。B：In such an emergency，you need injections.B：情况这么紧急，那你得打针了。A：I prefer that.A：我宁可打针。B：So you should go to take a skin test first.B：那你得去做个皮试。A：Where should I go？A：我得去哪儿做皮试呢？B：In the next room.B：就在隔壁。
7.做完皮试
A：Doctor，I've passed the skin test.A：医生，我已经做过皮试了。B：Let me see the test result.Now I'll prescribe some injections.You may take it by the nurse in the next room.B：让我看看结果。我现在给你开几支针。你可以让隔壁的护士给你打。A：How about the dosage？A：一次打几支？B：Twice every day，one each time.B：一天两次，每次一支。A：Thank you.A：谢谢。
8.要紧吗
A：How many injections will I need？A：总共要打多少针呀？B：One every day for seven days.It should be around the same time each day.on your way out，make some appointments with the receptionists to come every morning，afternoon or evening，whichever suits you best.B：每天一针，打7天。而且每天要在差不多同一时间注射。你出去时，跟门口的护士说一下你什么时候过来方便，是上午，下午或是晚上。A：What happens if I can't come？A：我来不了的话要紧吗？B：It's important that you don't skip a day.Otherwise the course may not be effective.B：一天也不要漏打，这很重要。否则，这个疗程就会无效。A：I understand.A：知道了。
9.痛死了
A：Now，I'll just use this swab to sterilize it，then give you the injection.Try to relax as much as you can.A：打针前我要用酒精棉球给你擦一擦皮肤，你尽可能地放松。B：It really hurts.How long will the pain last？B：实在痛死人了。我得痛多久？A：When you get home，put a bot towel on it，but don't press it too hard.And the pain should go away in a couple of hours.A：回家后用热毛巾敷一敷，但不要用力压迫。几小时后疼痛就会过去的。
手术治疗
对于中西方来说，手术是外科的主要治疗方式。为了手术能顺利进行，防止术后并发症，达到预期疗效，必须做好术前准备工作。除思想准备之外，还应测定出、凝血时间，检查心、肺、肝、肾功能，测定血型和配血。让患者进行适应手术和术后变化的锻炼。术前1日理发、沐浴、换衣，剃除手术区毛发，检查体温、月经来潮等情况。术前12小时禁食，术前4小时禁水，以防麻醉后呕吐，引起误吸或窒息。有营养不良、高血压、糖尿病或心、肺、肝、肾功能不良者，应根据不同情况进行治疗，达到耐受手术标准后，方能进行手术。
典型对话
1.刚到医院
A：Mr.Smith has just arrived at the hospital.She's going to have a minor operation tomorrow.A：史密斯太太刚到医院，她明天将有一个小手术。B：This is your bed，Ms.Smith.B：史密斯太太，这是你的床。C：Oh，thank you，nurse.C：哦，谢谢你，护士。B：Now，get undressed and get into bed.There's a buzzer on the right table.If you press the button，someone will come right away.B：现在请更衣上床。在右边桌有一按铃，只要一按，马上有医护人员到。C：Oh，I'm sure I won't need anything.C：我确定不会需要什么的。B：Well，don't forget—if you need anything，use press.B：总之，不要忘了，一有需要就按铃。
2.确定时间
A：You must know you're scheduled to have an operation tomorrow.A：您一定知道，您预定明天动手术的。B：Yes.But I don't know the exact time.B：是的，但我不知道确切时间。A：The operation starts at 10 o'clock.But you'll get injections of anaesthesia about 30 to 45 minutes in advance.If your family come to see you before the operation，they should come by 8：30 before you get injections.Otherwise，you may be falling asleep when they arrive at your bedside.A：手术10点开始。但在进手术室之前30至45分钟左右，得先注射麻醉针。如果您的家人手术前要来看您，就应该在8点半注射以前来。否则，等他们到了您身边，您可能睡着了。B：Oh，I see.Thank you for telling me so much.B：哦，我知道了。谢谢你告诉我这么多。A：It's nothing.A：没什么。
3.签字
A：Did your doctor explain to you about what operation you are going to have？A：您的医生向您说了要动什么手术了吗？B：Yes，of course.I am going to have my gallbladder removed.B：是的，当然啦。我要做切除胆囊的手术。A：OK.Have you signed the consent？A：对。在手术同意书上签字了吗？B：Yes.Here it is.B：签了，给您。A：OK.A：好的。
4.准备工作
A：I would like to explain the preparation for the operation.If you have any questions please interrupt me.A：我要跟你说一下手术前的准备工作。如果你有什么疑问，请打断我的话。B：OK.B：好的。A：First of all，we'll prepare you by shaving and cleansing.In your case，we'll be shaving a wide area from under the breast to the lower abdomen.After shaving，we would like you to take a tub bath or shower.A：首先，我们要帮你备皮和消毒。做手术前的准备工作，就你来说，要备皮胸部以下到下腹之间的一大部分。备皮后，希望你洗个盆浴或淋浴。B：I know.Anything else？B：知道了。还有吗？A：You're going to have liquid supper and you'll get sleeping pills at 9.Absolutely nothing to eat after midnight.In the early morning you'll have an enema.A：晚餐你要吃流食，9点服安眠药。午夜以后，绝对不许进食。一大早你得灌肠。
5.病号服
A：Can I take a shower the？A：我可以淋浴吗？B：Well，you're going to be busy changing into a “patient gown”，getting an intravenous drip injection and injections for surgery.And soon you'll be taken to the operating room.Probably you won't have time.B：唔，你要忙着更换手术时用的“病号服”，打静脉内点滴注射以及手术用的注射剂。而且不久你就要被送入手术室，不大可能有淋浴的时间。
6.呆多久
A：How long am I going to be in the operating room？ When will I be back in this room？A：我要在手术室呆多久？我是说什么时候能回到这间房子呢？B：It's hard to say.It will depend on operation procedures and your recovery from the anesthesia.You'll probably return to this room in the afternoon.B：很难说，这得看手术的进展情况以及你从麻醉中复原的状况。很可能在下午能回到病房。
7.麻醉
A：Mrs.Green，you look worried？ Do you have any problems？A：格林太太，您看起来好像很担心，有什么问题吗？B：Miss，will this operation hurt very much？B：护士小姐，这种手术会很痛吗？A：You're going to have general anesthesia.So during the operation you will be senseless.And you'll find yourself back in your room after the operation.You may feel some pain when you're coming to.However，if it's too much for you，let us know.Your doctor has prescribed medicine to relieve pain.A：我们对您使用全身麻醉，所以手术时会毫无感觉。手术后，您会发现自己已回到病房了。您醒来时，也许会觉得有点痛。不过，如果痛得受不了，就告诉我们。因为医生已给你开了止痛药。B：Thanks.Now I feel a bit relieved.B：谢谢，现在我放心了。A：An anesthesiologist will visit you soon.A：麻醉师马上会来看您的。
8.手术中
A：How's the pulse？A：脉搏怎么样？B：Weak，but respiration is satisfactory.I'm increasing the oxygen.B：很弱，不过呼吸很好，我会给他增氧。A：Good.Move the lamp over，nurse.I can't see the appendix.A：很好。护士把灯挪过来点，我看不见阑尾了。B：Is that better？B：好点了吗？A：Yes.A：是的。
9.手术后
A：Mrs.Johnson，it may be hard for you to get out of bed right now.But exercising after the operation is very important to prevent respiratory complications and to promote internal functioning，as your doctor explained to you.A：约翰逊太太，要您立刻下床走走可能太难了。但是，正如医生向您说的那样，手术后运动一下对于预防呼吸器官的并发症，以及促进肠胃的蠕动，是非常重要的。B：Walking？ Oh，no.I'd rather stay still.It hurts so much.B：走路吗？噢，不，我宁可不动，那太疼了。A：I know it hurts when you move.But you'll gradually find it easier after the first try.You don't have to worry about the suture.Walking does not harm it at all.I'll be glad to help you walk.A：我知道走动时会疼。但您会渐渐发现，第一次试走后就比较容易了。您不必担心缝口，走路一点也不会引起缝口的疼痛。我很乐意扶着您走走。B：Thank you.Let me try then.B：谢谢。那么我试试吧。
日常护理
中西方文化差异在护理教育上主要表现为授受教育与自治教育的差别。在中国，授受教育以书本知识为主要内容，以课堂教学为主要阵地，以教师活动为中心，这种护理教育强调理论知识的系统性和继承性、护理操作技术的规范性和一致性，培养的护理人才有基础知识厚实、技术操作规范的特点，是一种“继承模仿型”人才。自治式教育是西方国家学校教育的主导思想，表现在护理教育中强调临床实践教学，以学生活动为中心，强调灵活多变的教学方法，培养的护理人才有自我学习能力强、创新意识强等特点，是一种“独立创造型”人才。
典型对话
1.自我介绍
A：How do you do？Welcome.I'm the nurse in charge of this ward.We hope you will feel at home here.This is nurse John.Here is your doctor，Doctor Tom.A：你好。欢迎你，我是主管这个病房的护士。我们希望你在这里像在家里一样。这是约翰护士。这是你的医生，汤姆医生。B：Nice to meet you.B：很高兴见到你。C：If you need anything，just press this button.C：如果你需要什么，请按按钮。B：Is it possible for my sister to stay here with me？B：我妹妹和我一起住在这儿行吗？C：Yes，but she has to pay for her bed. C：可以，但她要付床费。
2.吃饭时间
A：What are the hours here for meals？A：这里吃饭的时间是怎么安排的？B：Patients usually get up at 7：30 a.m.Breakfast is at 8：30 o'clock.Lunch is at noon.Supper is at 7：00 p.m.B：病人通常在早上7点半起床。早饭是8点半。午饭是在正午。晚饭是下午7点。A：Will you show me where the sitting room，bathroom and telephone are？A：请告诉我休息室、浴室和电话在哪儿好吗？B：OK.Which kind of food do you prefer，Chinese or Western？B：好的。你喜欢吃中餐还是西餐？A：I like Chinese food very much.A：我很喜欢吃中餐。
3.饮食习惯
A：What are your eating habits？A：你的饮食习惯怎么样？B：I don't eat much.I would like to have a snack in the afternoon and before going to bed.B：我吃的不多。我希望在下午和睡觉前吃点东西。A：Are you allergic to certain food like prawns or shrimps？A：你对某些食物有过敏情况吗？如对虾、小虾。B：I am not allergic to any food.B：我对任何食物都不过敏。A：Do you like fruit？A：你喜欢吃水果吗？B：Yes，please give me some with each meal.B：是的，每次吃饭时请给我一些。
4.特殊要求
A：Do you have any special requests？A：你有什么特殊要求吗？B：Since my teeth are bad，please give me soft food and tender meat.B：我的牙不好，请给我柔软的食物和嫩肉。A：Please try to eat a little more.It will help you recover more quickly.A：请尽力多吃点。这样会帮你早日康复的。B：It is too cool.B：太凉了。A：Let me adjust the air conditioner.A：让我调一下空调。B：I cough a lot.B：我咳嗽得厉害。A：I'll go and get you some cough mixture.A：我去给你拿点复方咳嗽药。
5.询问情况
A：Comfortable， Mr. Zhang？A：舒服吗，张先生？B：Thank you， Miss.B：谢谢你，小姐。A：Now the most dangerous period is over. You're over that. We're going to keep you in the Coronary Care Unit so that we can make the necessary observations and monitor the rhythm of your heart.A：现在最危险的时期已经过了。你度过了那段时间。我们打算让你住在心脏护理小组，这样我们能对你的心率作必要的观察和监控。B：I'm a little frightened.B：我有点害怕。A：Don't be afraid. You're over the worst now. Leave everything to us， and when you're feeling better we can talk about things in more detail.A：别怕。你现在度过最危险的时期了。把所有的事交给我们。如果你感觉好些的话我们会更详细地讨论其他事情。
6.安排特护
A：What else？A：还有什么需要做的吗？B：You had better arrange special nursing care for him.B：你最好为他安排特护。A：It's what I want to say.A：我正想说呢。B：You should notice whether the patient is conscious or not and the differentiation of his pupils，and record the volume of urine and other fluid in and out of his body accurately.B：要注意观察病人是否清醒以及瞳孔的变化，精确记录尿量和出入液体量。A：I'll do it well.A：我会做好的。
7.锻炼身体
A：Why do we have to do exercise？A：我们为什么要锻炼身体呢？B：Exercise improves fitness，especially of your heart，lungs and muscles；it helps you relax and control your weight.B：锻炼可以促进健康，尤其是对心脏、肺还有肌肉的帮助最大。锻炼还可以使人放松，而且能够控制肥胖。A：How often should exercise be arranged？A：那么多久应该锻炼一次？B：3 to 5 days a week，evenly spaced out.B：一周3到5天，或者隔一天锻炼一次。A：Can fitness be automatically kept once it is reached？A：如果锻炼了是不是就能保持健康呢？B：No.To stay fit，you have to make exercise a permanent part of your life.B：不是的，要想保持健康，你就得将锻炼作为生活的一部分，要持之以恒。
住院出院
住院指病人住进医院接受治疗或观察；出院指在医院住院的病人结束住院，离开医院。出院的病人一般是治疗痊愈，但也有一些是因为费用问题放弃住院治疗。
典型对话
1.填写入院卡
A：Hello，sir. Can I help you？A：您好，先生。我能帮助您吗？B：Yes. I wonder if the Department of Urology is here.B：是的。我想问一下，这里是不是泌尿科？A：Yes.A：是泌尿科。B：The doctor in the Outpatient Division admitted me to hospital for treatment. And here are the documents she asked me to give you.B：门诊医生把我安排住院，进行治疗。这些材料，她叫我交给你们。A：Thank you. Sit down please， Mr. Smith. Will you please take the trouble to cooperate with me to finish the admission card？A：谢谢。史密斯先生，请坐。我想麻烦您与我合作，填写这张入院卡，好吗？B：I'd love to.B：非常乐意。
2.住院手续
A：One of our members is sick.He's got to be hospitalized.A：我们的一个队员病了，需要住院治疗。B：I see.Where's the patient？B：知道了。病人在哪儿？A：He is in Dr.Smith's office.Dr.Smith told me to come and see you about the paper.A：在史密斯医生的诊所，史密斯先生让我来办理住院手续的。B：All right.Would you please fill in these two forms？B：好的。这两份表请你填一下好吗？A：OK.A：好的。
3.保险
A：What kind of insurance do you have？A：您有哪一种保险呢？B：I have Blue Shield.B：我有蓝盾医疗保险。A：All right.When we receive these forms from you，we will fill them in and if you would like，we will send them directly to the company.A：好的。我们拿到您的这些表格后就把它们填进去。如果您需要的话，我们会把它们直接寄到保险公司去。B：I see.Thanks.B：知道了。谢谢。
4.了解情况
A：We may need more detailed information about you and your illness，Mr.Smith.A：史密斯先生，我们可能需要更详细地了解您的情况和您的病情。B：I think you can find some from the documents I've just given you. B：我想您可以从我刚给您的材料中了解些情况。A：Yes. Let me take your temperature， blood pressure， and pulse. OK. Dr.Black will take charge of you and I'll be your nurse during your stay here. My name is Alice Dawson. A：是的。我量一下您的体温、血压和脉搏……好的。您在这里住院期间，布莱克医生将负责对您进行治疗，我来负责护理您。我叫艾丽斯·道森。B：How long should I stay in the hospital，Ms. Dawson？B：我要在这里住多久，道森女士？A：The length of hospitalization depends on many factors. Your case doesn't seem very serious，so I think two or three weeks may be long enough for us to find the cause of your disease and cure it.A：住院时间的长短取决于许多因素。您的病情似乎不很严重，我想我们在两三周时间可能会查出病因并治好您的病。
5.出院日期
A：Excuse me，Miss，what does the doctor say about me？ When can I be discharged？A：对不起，小姐。大夫对我的病情说了什么？我什么时候能出院？B：The doctor and I have examined your case and current situation.Since you are recovering so well，we decide you will be discharged tomorrow.B：我和大夫查了查您的病历和目前的情况。因为您恢复得不错，我们决定您明天就可以出院了。A：Great，thanks.A：太好了，谢谢。B：You're welcome.B：不客气。
6.出院手续
A：How can I get discharged？A：我怎样办出院手续呢？B：First please get the bill at the doctor's office，then pay it either with cash or by check.Even though you're discharged，you still need to take a rest at home.Don't hurry back to work until you have fully recovered.B：首先到医生办公室取一下费用账单。然后用现金或支票法付费用。尽管您出院了，您在家还得休息。不要急于上班，等完全恢复了再说。A：Thanks for your care.A：谢谢您的关心和照料。
7.结账
A：What can I do for you，sir？A：有事吗，先生？B：Yes.Mr.Lin Qing is ready to check out this afternoon.I'm here to clear up the bills for him.B：是的。林清先生准备今天下午出院。我来代他结账的。A：OK.Here's a bill for you to sign.A：好的。这是医疗费用清单，请签字。B：Yes，let me see...We shall pay...B：好的，我来看看，我们一共要付……A：5，400 Dollars.Please sign at the bottom of the page.A：5400美元。请在这一页下面签字。B：I see.Anything else？B：知道了，还有别的吗？A：No more，thanks.A：没了，谢谢。
在内科
内科学在临床医学中占有极其重要的位置，它不仅是临床医学各科的基础，而且与其他学科存在着密切的联系。内科学的知识来源于医疗实践，以前的医学家在治病救人的过程中，经过不断的积累经验，去伪存真、去粗采精，从实践中不断提高认识水平，通过多年的长期积累，逐渐形成有系统的诊治疾病的方法。经过一代又一代的医学家将这些实践得来的知识，经过整理和归纳，并加以系统地研究(包括近年来循证医学的研究)，才发展为现在的内科学。
典型对话
1.不舒服
A：I'm not feeling well today，doctor.A：医生，我今天感觉不舒服。B：Why don't you feel well？B：你哪里感到不好？A：I have a headache，and I'm tired.A：我头痛而且疲倦。B：Let me see your tongue.B：让我看看你的舌头。A：Yes，doctor.A：好的，医生。B：Ah，it's coated.Let me feel your pulse.B：啊，它长舌苔了，让我摸一下你的脉搏。
2.检查
A：It's a bit fast.Now，let me check your lungs and heart.A：脉搏有点儿快，现在让我检查你的肺部和心脏。B：Shall I take off my clothes？B：我要脱衣服吗？A：No，just pull up your shirt and vest.A：不，只要把你的衬衣和汗衫拉起一点便可以了。B：Shall I turn my back？B：要我把背转过来吗？A：One minute.Now，turn your back.A：等一会儿，现在转过你的背来。B：Sometimes，I get the shivers，and sometimes I cough a little.B：有时候，我发抖，有时候有点咳嗽。
3.全面检查
A：Doctor，I've got a bad headache.A：医生，我头痛得厉害。B：Did you hurt your head？B：你的头受过伤吗？A：No，it seems that it aches for no reason.A：没有，我的头好像无故疼痛。B：Then，on the safe side，I suggest you take a complete examination of your brain.B：那么，为安全起见，我建议你做一下脑部的全面检查。A：Is it serious？A：这严重吗？B：We'll find out after the check up.B：做过检查后我们就知道了。
4.询问膳食
A：What should I eat for my meals？A：我每顿膳食应该吃些什么？B：You can have congee or noodles made of rice，but no pork.You can also take an orange or an apple，but don't overeat.B：你可以吃稀饭或米粉，但是不要吃猪肉，你也可以吃一个橙子或一个苹果，但不要吃过量。A：Can I drink some milk？A：我可以喝一些牛奶吗？B：Milk is good.What about your bowel movement？B：牛奶很好，你的大便通吗？A：I think it is normal.I go to the toilet every morning.A：我认为正常，我每天上午去一次厕所。
5.看过医生吗
A：Have you visited a doctor before？A：以前看过医生吗？B：The year before last I applied for a swimming certificate and was required of a physical examination.I was told I had hypertension.B：前年，我申请办游泳证，要求进行体检。医生告诉我说，我患有高血压。A：Do you think your vision is getting worse？A：您觉得视力有所减退吗？B：Only a little.B：有点。A：Do you feel dizzy？A：头晕吗？B：Not now.But this morning when I got up，I felt as if the house were moving，so I had to lie back in bed for several minutes before trying rising again.B：现在不晕，但今早起床时，似乎觉得房子都在动，所以我又在床上躺了几分钟才起来。
6.介绍别的医生
A：I'm going to get some blood tests done to see what is causing the pain in your joints. I'll also get an X ray of your back.A：我要给你做一些血液化验，看看究竟是什么原因使你关节疼痛，还要给你的腰背部照一张X光片。B：It was that said it was osteoarthritis.B：据说这是骨关节炎。A：Yes， well， there is limited we can do for that. I'm going to refer you to a clinic. It is run by a famous doctor. He has a lot of experience with pain and may be able to offer you advice.A：是的，但是我们对此所能做的有限。我要把你介绍到一家诊所去。这家诊所是由一位著名医生开的。他对治疗疼痛有丰富的经验，并可为您提供咨询。B：OK. Thank you very much， doctor.B：好。非常感谢，医生。
7.让介绍的好医生看病
A：Good morning， Mr. Zheng.A：早上好，郑先生。B：Good morning， doctor.B：早上好，医生。A：Your GP says you're getting pain all over your body？A：你的医生说您全身疼痛？B：Yes. I was in pain for weeks and months. I've had a collar and a surgical corset but I'm still in pain.B：是的。我几个星期甚至几个月的剧烈疼痛。我用过颈圈和外科紧身胸衣，但仍然疼痛。A：How often do you get the pain？A：疼痛多长时间发作一次？B：Every moment of the day I have pain from top to toe.B：一天里每时每刻都疼，而且从头到脚底都疼。A：Come through this way. Take off everything to your underwear.A：到这边来，只穿内衣，其他衣服脱掉。
在外科
外科疾病分为五大类：创伤，感染，肿瘤，畸形和功能障碍。这些疾病往往需要以手术或手法处理作为主要手段来治疗。因此，手术就成为外科所特有的一种治疗方法。人们也往往把是否需要手术治疗作为区别内科还是外科疾病的标准。但外科学并不等于手术学，手术只是外科疾病治疗方法中的一种。 外科检查的意义在于：通过对皮肤、淋巴、甲状腺、脊柱四肢、关节、泌尿系统、生殖器等检查，初步排除常见疾病。
典型对话
1.怎么啦
A：What's troubling you，madam？A：怎么啦，女士？B：I was caught in a traffic accident.B：我遭遇交通事故了。A：What happened？A：发生了什么事？B：This morning I was going to the office.When I was crossing the road，a car suddenly came around the corner too quickly.When the driver saw me，it was too late to stop.I was knocked to the ground.When I got up，my right arm and elbow were grazed.B：今天早晨我去上班，过马路时，突然一辆车从拐角处开来，由于车速太快，等司机看到我时再刹车就晚了一步。我被撞倒在地，右手和肘部都被擦伤了。A：Where is the driver now？A：司机现在在哪儿？B：It was the man who helped me come into the room just now.He is outside waiting.B：他刚才把我扶了进来，现在在外面等着。
2.腰痛
A：What's your trouble？A：您怎么不舒服？B：I've got pain in my waist. This morning I lifted some heavy boxes and hurt my waist. And now I can hardly bend over.B：我的腰痛。今天上午我抬重箱子，伤了我的腰。现在我几乎弯不下腰。A：Um， let me examine you. A：嗯，我来给你检查一下。B：Is it serious？B：严重吗？A：No， it isn't. Some plasters should relieve the pain and you will be all right soon.A：不严重。几贴膏药就能解除疼痛。你很快就会好的。
3.拍X光片
A：I'll just have a look at your injury...Where does it hurt？A：我看看您的伤……哪儿痛？B：It hurts all over.B：全身都在痛。A：Does it hurt here？A：这儿痛吗？B：Ouch！ The pain is awful when you press here.B：哎哟！您一按这儿，我就痛得要命。A：Your arm and elbow seem to be all right，but to make sure that the bones are all right，you'd better go to the X ray Department for examination.When the X rays are ready，bring them back to me.Here is the form that you'll need for the X rays.See you later.A：手臂和肘部似乎没什么问题。但为了搞清楚是否伤着了骨头，您最好还是去放射科拍几张X光片检查一下。片子拍好后，拿过来让我看看。这是拍片申请单。一会儿见。
4.一切正常
A：Here're my X rays.A：X片拿来了。B：I'll just have a look.Everything looks OK，except you can see here.There's a hairline fracture.It's not very serious，but you should take a month off work，and rest in bed as much as possible.I'll give you some herbal medicine to help you heal quickly.Take it twice a day，morning and evening.B：让我看一看。其他一切都正常，只是这儿有一点问题，是骨裂。这不算严重，但一个月内你不能上班，尽量卧床休息。我给你开些草药帮助愈合。这药你早晚各服一次。A：Will I need to be put in plaster？A：要上石膏吗？B：No.It isn't necessary.I'll just write you a sick note to send to work.And here is the prescription for your herbal medicine.B：不需要。我现在就给你开一张病假单。这是给你的草药方。A：Thank you very much，doctor.A：非常感谢，医生。B：Not at all.Goodbye！B：不用客气，再见。A：Goodbye！A：再见。
5.做牵引
A：I can see from your X ray that your femur is broken in several places，and I'm afraid we'll have to operate.Lie here，and don't move your leg.Someone will come for you to take you to the Operating Theatre.A：从X光片上可以看出：你的股骨断成了好几截。恐怕得进行手术了。躺下，腿不要动。有人会把你用车推入手术室的。B：All right，doctor.B：好的，医生。A：When you wake up，your leg will be in plaster，and you'll have to stay in hospital for about four weeks.A：等你醒来后，你的腿就已经上好石膏了，你得在医院里呆上四星期。B：Why do I have to stay in hospital so long？B：为什么要呆那么长的时间？A：Because your leg will have to be in traction.So we can't let you go home.But，every day the nurses will wheel you into the Day Room，or if the weather is nice，into the garden，and we'll make sure that you get the best possible treatment.A：因为你的腿需要牵引，我们不能让你回去。护士每天会用轮椅车推你到病人活动室去的；要是天气好的话，她们会推你到花园，我们得保证要让你得到尽可能好的治疗。
在妇产科
妇产科是临床医学四大主要学科之一，主要研究女性生殖器官疾病的病因、病理、诊断及防治，妊娠、分娩的生理和病理变化，高危妊娠及难产的预防和诊治，女性生殖内分泌，计划生育及妇女保健等。现代分子生物学、肿瘤学、遗传学、生殖内分泌学及免疫学等医学基础理论的深入研究和临床医学诊疗检测技术的进步，拓宽和深化了妇产科学的发展，为保障妇女身体和生殖健康及防治各种妇产科疾病起着重要的作用。
典型对话
1.月经疼痛
A：What's the problem，Miss Wang？A：你有什么不舒服，王小姐？B：Well，doctor，I have very bad period pains every month.They are so bad that when I lie down，I often roll around in agony.B：嗨，医生，我每个月的月经期间疼得要命。只要一躺下，我就会疼得直打滚。A：Is your period heavy or light？A：来月经时，量多不多？B：It's always very heavy.B：总是很多的。A：And how long does it last？A：经期多长？B：Eight to ten days.It makes me feel drained，and I can't concentrate on work because of the pain.My face always goes very pale.B：8到10天，我总是疼得精疲力竭。月经一来，我就无法专心工作，而且脸色总是苍白。
2.例假来晚了
A：There are over 10 days before my due date，but this morning I noticed some bloody discharge.A：我的例假晚来了10天，但是今天早晨我注意到一些带血的分泌物。B：Do you have any pain in your abdomen？B：你肚子痛吗？A：It has been off and on during the past 5 days.A：近5天来断断续续地痛。B：Any watery discharge？B：有水质的分泌物吗？A：No.A：没有。
3.下腹疼痛
A：What is troubling you？A：你有什么毛病？B：The lower abdominal pain，which is so severe that I can hardly tolerate it.B：下腹部疼痛，痛得我无法忍受。A：Can you tell me your symptom in detail？I mean，do you sweat and lose consciousness as the severe pain bothers you？A：你能详细告诉我你的症状吗？我的意思是当你疼痛难忍时出汗和失去知觉吗？B：Yes，I sweat a lot and feel faint.B：是的，我流许多汗，感到昏迷。
4.怀孕了
A：Your last period started on May 9.That means conception occurred around the 25th. So you are two weeks pregnant.A：你最后一次月经是在5月9日结束，那就是说在25号左右怀孕的。所以你怀孕两周了。B：Oh.My...really.So when is the expected date of childbirth？B：哦，天啊，真是如此，那预产期在何时？A：Let me see...The expected date of childbirth is on February 15.You had miscarriage last time？A：让我算算看。应该在2月15日。你以前流产过？B：Yes.B：是的。A：You have to come in for progesterone shots once a week.And we'll have this shot until you become five months pregnant.A：你应该每星期来打一针黄体酮。打针要持续到你怀孕5个月。
5.预产期
A：Today is her expected day of delivery.Are there any signs of difficult labor？A：今天是她的预产期，有没有难产的迹象？B：No unfavorable signs.The doctor has checked her blood pressure and the fetal heart.The pubic hair is shaved off，and the rectum has been cleared with an enema.Everything is normal.We are sure she will easily give birth to a strong baby.B：没有。医生已经检查了她的血压和胎儿的心跳。阴毛已经剃光，直肠已经用灌肠剂清洗，每件事都很正常，我们确信她会顺利生下健康的婴儿。A：But I'm a little nervous.I'm afraid she lacks confidence.A：我有点紧张，我怕她缺乏信心。B：Don't worry.She looks calm and relaxed.She told me she had followed the diet and exercise as prescribed by the doctor.I'm sure she has the strength to expel the child rapidly.B：不必担心，她看起来很轻松平和。她说她一直遵照医生指示饮食和运动，我确信她有实力很快把小孩生下来。
6.戴环
A：What can I do for you，Ms Wang？A：王女士，怎么不舒服？B：Well，doctor，my periods have been very irregular since I had a coil fitted，and also I have a constant discharge，which is very inconvenient，and I'm worried something is wrong.B：咳，医生，自从戴上了节育环，我的月经就没有规律了，老是湿漉漉的，太不方便了，我担心会不会出了什么问题。A：Did you have a check up before the coil was fitted？A：戴环前检查过吗？B：Yes，of course.B：检查过的呀。A：How long is it since it was fitted？A：你戴环多久了？B：Just two months ago.B：两个月前戴的。
在皮肤科
皮肤科是治疗皮肤疾病的医学分支。也指综合性医院当中诊疗皮肤疾病的科室。在广义上，皮肤科还包含对头发、指（趾）甲疾病的治疗。中国历史上有关皮肤病的记载，至少可以追溯到3000年前。1801年，第一所真正意义上的皮肤病学校在巴黎圣路易医院开创，皮肤病的书籍也出现在该时期。
典型对话
1.烫伤了
A：What's the trouble？A：你怎么了？B：A hot iron seared my flesh.B：熨斗烫伤了皮肤。A：Really，you should go to see a doctor at once.A：是吗，你应该立即去看医生。B：I will，but I hope it will not form a scar.B：我这就去，但愿不要留下伤疤。A：I hope you'll recover soon.A：我希望你很快就会恢复。
2.丘疹
A：I've got some papules on my face.Perhaps it's just because of my age，but they are dreadful.A：我脸上起了许多丘疹。也许是由于我的年龄，但它们很疼。B：It doesn't look too bad to me.B：看起来不很严重。A：Please help me.I've done everything I can，but they don't go away.A：请帮帮我。我什么办法都用了，但它们就是不下去。 B：You are still at school，aren't you？How long have you had them？B：你还在上学，对吗？这种情况多长时间了？A：When I was in Junior 3，but they've got worse these past few years.A：自从上初中就有，但近几年更厉害了。
3.多久了
A：What's your complaint？A：你有什么不舒服？B：I have a rash on the trunk recently.B：近来我身上起疹子。A：How long have you had this rash？A：这疹子有多久了？B：I've had it for the last year.B：已经1年了。A：Do you have any itching？A：痒不痒？B：Yes， but it is only slightly itching.B：痒，但只是轻度瘙痒。
4.严重吗
A：There're many small red spots on my body.A：我身上有很多的小红点。B：Let me have a look.It looks like measles.B：让我看一下。看起来像是麻疹。A：Is it serious，doctor？A：严重吗，大夫？B：No，but you must stay at home for one week because it's contagious.B：不严重，但是你必须在家待一周，因为它传染。
5.去检验室
A：There are pimples on my leg here.They scale，crust and ooze fluid，accompanied by intense itching and burning.A：我的腿这边长了脓疱。有鳞癣和硬皮，流脓，很痒还有灼热感。B：They are eczema...Don't scratch.The more you do，the more they spread.The eczema is usually caused by a variety of irritants acting outside on the skin or circulating in the blood.Are you sensitive to any allergens？B：是湿疹……不要抓，你越抓就越蔓延。湿疹是皮肤外或在血液中的一种刺激性毒物形成的，你对过敏源敏感吗？A：I don't know.Can't you detect the cause of my allergy by some tests？A：我不知道，你检查一下我过敏的原因好吗？B：Medical tests are performed by the lab.Take this form to the technicians.They will find the cause of your allergy.B：医学检验由实验室做，把这张表拿到那里去，检验师会找出你过敏的原因。A：Shall I go to the lab now？A：现在我该去检验室吗？
常见传染病
传染病(Infectious Diseases)是由各种病原体引起的能在人与人、动物与动物或人与动物之间相互传播的一类疾病。传染病的特点是有病原体、有传染性和流行性，感染后常有免疫性。有些传染病还有季节性或地方性。 由于生物性的致病原于人体外可存活的时间不一，存在人体内的位置、活动方式都有不同，都影响了一个感染症如何传染的过程。为了生存和繁衍，这类病原性的微生物必须具备可传染的性质，每一种传染性的病原通常都有特定的传播方式。
典型对话
1.流感
A：What's wrong？A：有什么不舒服吗？B：I have headache，nausea and diarrhea.B：我头痛，恶心，还有腹泻。A：You probably have contracted the flu.Let me check your pulse and listen to your heart and lungs.Yes，you do have the flu. A：您大概得了流感，让我给您摸摸脉搏，听听心肺。对，您的确得的是流感。B：Do I have to go on a diet？B：我得注意饮食吗？A：It is not necessary.Drink plenty of water or juices；avoid greasy food ；keep warm and take a hot bath before going to bed.A：不用。多喝水或果汁，不要吃油腻的，注意保暖，睡觉前洗一个热水澡。
2.抗生素
A：Why are antibiotics of no help in treatment of the flu？A：为什么抗生素对流感不起作用？B：Because the influenza is caused by any of the more than 200 viruses. There is yet no medicine that can kill viruses.B：因为流感是由200多种病菌引起的。还没有药物可以杀死病菌。A：Can vaccines help？A：疫苗能起作用吗？B：No. Vaccines would be of little use in prevention. People do not develop immunity to colds because of the enormous number of influenza causing viruses.B：不行。疫苗在抗病毒中用处甚微。由于导致感冒的病毒数量巨大，人们不会对感冒免疫。A：So influenza just run their course， don't they？A：所以流感会继续流行，对吗？B：Yes. B：是的。
3.没法治愈吗
A：Are there no cures for influenza？A：流感没法治愈吗？B：Influenza is treated with rest and fluids， in addition to antihistamines， decongestants， and cough medicines when necessary.B：流感靠休息和流体治疗，必要时可以用抗组织胺，减充血剂，和咳嗽药。A：Does aspirin do any good？A：阿司匹林能起作用吗？B：It is recommended only when symptoms are severe.B：只有当症状严重时才用。
4.肺结核
A：What's wrong with you？A：你怎么了？B：I have had a cough for about two years. B：我咳嗽大约两年了。A：When you cough do you bring up any phlegm？A：你咳嗽时吐痰吗？B：Just a small amount. Occasionally I noticed some blood. This worried me， so I came to consult you.B：只是有一点儿。有时我注意到有血。这使我担心，所以我来向你咨询。A：Blood in the sputum strongly indicates tuberculosis. We must take a chest X ray.The X ray suggests the likelihood of tuberculosis.A：痰中带血很可能代表是肺结核。我们必须做个胸部X光。X光显示可能是肺结核。
5.腮腺炎
A：Doctor，my child has a fever with cheeks and chin swelling on both sides for two days. A：医生，我的孩子发烧伴有双侧面颊和下巴肿胀，已有两天了。 B：Let me check up.The saliva glands on both sides of the neck become swollen and hard. B：让我检查一下。他颈部两侧的腮腺又肿又硬。 A：What could it be？ A：可能是什么病呢？ B：His throat is red；he is most likely suffering from mumps. B：咽部充血，他很可能得了腮腺炎。
6.肝功能不正常
A：How long have you been drinking？A：你喝酒有多长时间了？B：About eight years.B：大约8年了。A：Have you ever had any trouble with your liver？A：你的肝脏有毛病吗？B：Yes， two years ago in a physical examination， the doctor told me that my liver was enlarged and my liver function test abnormal.B：有，两年前的一次体检中，医生告诉我我的肝扩大，肝功能测试不正常。A：You'd better have another liver function test. Will you please come tomo
rrow morning before breakfast with an empty stomach to have a blood test？Don't eat or drink anything. Nor even coffee or tea.A：你最好再做一次肝功能测试。请你明天早晨吃饭前空腹来做一次血检吧！别吃也别喝任何东西。也不要喝咖啡和茶。
7.慢性肝炎
A：What's wrong with me？A：我出什么毛病了？B：Your liver is enlarged and tender to the touch. It seems to be chronic hepatitis. You'll need absolute rest and avoid strenuous physical exertion. You can't drink any alcohol， and you should take the medicine I prescribe. There is no special treatment. It will take you some time to recover， so you have to be patient.B：你的肝脏扩大了，摸起来软弱。可能是慢性肝炎。你需要彻底休息，避免消耗体力。你不要饮酒，服我给你开的药。没有特别的疗法。这要你花一些时间来恢复，所以你必须有耐心。
