As the pollinia are attached parallel to the disk, they stick parallel on the bee's tongue, yet she may fold up her proboscis under her head, if she choose, without inconvenience from the pollen masses, or without danger of loosening them.Now, having finished sucking the newly opened flowers at the top of the spike, away she flies to an older flower at the bottom of another one.Here a marvelous thing has happened.The passage which, when the flower first expanded, scarcely permitted a bristle to pass, has now widened through the automatic downward movement of the column in order to expose the stigmatic surfaces to contact with the pollen masses brought by the bee.Without the bee's help this orchid, with a host of other flowers, must disappear from the face of the earth.So very many species which have lost the power to fertilize themselves now depend absolutely on these little pollen carriers, it is safe to say that, should the bees perish, one half our flora would be exterminated with them.On the slight downward movement of the column in the ladies' tresses, then, as well as on the bee's ministrations, the fertilization of the flower absolutely depends."If the stigma of the lowest flower has already been fully fertilized," says Darwin, "little or no pollen will be left on its dried surface; but on the next succeeding flower, of which the stigma is adhesive, large sheets of pollen will be left.Then as soon as the bee arrives near the summit of the spike she will withdraw fresh pollinia, will fly to the lower flowers on another plant, and fertilize them; and thus, as she goes her rounds and adds to her store of honey, she continually fertilizes fresh flowers and perpetuates the race of autumnal spiranthes, which will yield honey to future generations of bees."The SLENDER LADIES' TRESSES (G.gracilis; [S.gracilis]), with a range and season of blossom similar to the preceding species, and with even smaller white, fragrant flowers, growing on one side of a twisted spike, chooses dry fields, hillsides, open woods, and sandy places - queer habitats for a member of its moisture-loving tribe.Its leaves have usually fallen by flowering time.The cluster of tuberous, spindle-shaped roots are an aid to identification.
LESSER RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN [DWARF RATTLESNAKE-PLANTAIN]
(Peramium repens; Goodyera repens of Gray) Orchid family Flowers - Small, greenish white, the lip pocket-shaped, borne on one side of a bracted spike 5 to 10 in.high, from a fleshy, thick fibrous root.Leaves: From the base, tufted, or ascending the stem on one side for a few inches, 1/2 in.to over 1 in.
long, ovate, the silvery-white veins forming a network, or leaf blotched with white.
Preferred Habitat - Woods, especially under evergreens.
Flowering Season - July-August.
Distribution - Colorado eastward to the Atlantic, from Nova Scotia to Florida.Europe and Asia.
Tufts of these beautifully marked little leaves carpeting the ground in the shadow of the hemlocks attract the eye, rather than the spires of insignificantly small flowers.Whoever wishes to know how the bumblebee ruptures the sensitive membrane within the tiny blossom with her tongue, and draws out the pollinia that are instantly cemented to it after much the same plan employed by the ladies' tresses, must use a good lens in studying the operation.
To the structural botanist the rattlesnake plantains form an interesting connecting link between orchids of d1stinct forms.In them we see a tendency to lengthen the pollen-masses into caudicles as the showy orchis, for example, has done."Goodyera probably shows us the state of organs in a group of orchids now mostly extinct," says Darwin; "but the parents of many living descendants."It has been said that the Indians use this plant to cure bites of the rattlesnake; that they will handle the deadly creature without fear if some of these leaves are near at hand - in fact, a good deal is said about Indians by palefaces that makes even the stolid red man smile when confronted with the white man's tales about him.An intelligent Indian student declares that none of his race will handle a rattlesnake unless its fangs have been removed; that this plant takes its name from the resemblance of its netted-veined leaves to the belly of a serpent, and not to their curative powers; and, finally, that the Southern tribes, especially so reverence the rattlesnake that, far from trying to cure its bite, they count themselves blessed to be bitten to death by one.Indeed, the rattle, a sacred symbol, has been employed in religious ceremonies of most tribes.Snakes may be revered in other lands, but only in America is the rattlesnake worshipped.Among the Moquis there still survives much of the religion of the snake-worshipping Aztecs.Bernal Diaz tells how living rattlesnakes, kept in the great temple at Mexico as sacred and petted objects, were fed with the bodies of the sacrificed.
Cortes found a town called by the Spaniards Terraguea, or the city of serpents, whose walls and temples were decorated with figures of the reptiles, which the inhabitants worshiped as gods.
The DOWNY RATTLESNAKE PLANTAIN (P.pubescens), usually a taller plant than the preceding, with larger cream-white, globular-lipped flowers on both sides of its spike, and glandular-hairy throughout, has even more strongly marked leaves.
These, the most conspicuous parts, are dark grayish green, heavily netted with greenish or silvery-white veins, silky to the touch, and often wavy edged.This plant scarcely strays westward beyond the Mississippi, but it is common East.It also blooms in midsummer, and shows a preference for dry woods where oak and pine abound.
LIZARD'S TAIL [LIZARD'S-TAIL, WATER-DRAGON]
(Saurus cernuus) Lizard's-tail family Flowers - Fragrant, very small, white, lacking a perianth, bracted, densely crowded on peduncled, slender spikes 4 to 6 in.
