The sight of this vast abundance to starving men was tantalizing in the extreme.It was impossible to carry any of it away and all that could be done was to have at least one good meal.The troops therefore were marched in and each helped himself to as much as he could consume, and the ragged and barefooted men feasted upon tinned salmon and lobsters, champagne and dainties of every description forwarded for the use of officers.Then they set to work to pile the enormous mass of stores together and to set it on fire.While they were engaged at this a brigade of New Jersey troops which had come out from Washington to save Manassas was attacked and utterly routed.Ewell's division had remained at Bristoe, while those of Hill and Jackson moved to Manassas, and in the course of the afternoon Ewell saw the whole of Pope's army marching against him.
He held them in check for some hours, and thus gave the troops at Manassas time to destroy completely the vast accumulation of stores, and when Stuart's cavalry, covering the retreat, fell back at nightfall through Manassas, nothing but blackened cinders remained where the Federal depots had been situated.The blow to the Northerners was as heavy as it was unexpected.Pope had no longer either provisions for his men or forage for his cattle, and there was nothing left for him but to force his way past Jackson and retire upon Washington.
Jackson had now the option of falling back and allowing the enemy to pass, or of withstanding the whole Federal army with his own little force until Lee came up to the rescue.He chose the latter course, and took up a strong position.The sound of firing at Thoroughfare Gap was audible, and he knew that Longstreet's division of Lee's army was hotly engaged with a force which, now that it was too late, bad been sent to hold the gorge.It was nearly sunset before Pope brought up his men to the attack.Jackson did not stand on the defensive, but rushed down and attacked the enemy-whose object had been to pass the position and press on-with such vigor that at nine o'clock they fell back.
An hour later a horseman rode up with the news that Longstreet had passed the Gap and was pressing on at full speed, and in the morning his forces were seen approaching, the line they were taking bringing them up at an angle to Jackson's position.Thus their formation as they arrived was that of an open V, and it was through the angle of this V that Pope had to force his way.Before Longstreet could arrive, however, the enemy hurled themselves upon Jackson, and for hours the Confederates held their own against the vast Federal army, Longstreet's force being too far away to lend them a hand.Ammunition failed, and the soldiers fought with piles of stones, but night fell without any impression being made upon these veterans.General Lee now came up with General Hood's division, and hurled this against the Federals and drove them back.In the evening Longstreet's force took up the position General Lee had assigned to it, and in the morning all the Confederate army had arrived, and the battle recommenced.
The stuggle was long and terrible; but by nightfall every attack had been repulsed, and the Confederates, advancing on all sides, drove the Northerners, a broken and confused crowd, before them, the darkness alone saving them from utter destruction.Had there been but one hour more of daylght the defeat would have been as complete as was that in the battle of Bull Run, which had been fought on precisely the same ground.However, under cover of the darkness the Federals retreated to Centreville, whence they were driven on the following day.
In the tremendous fighting in which Jackson's command had for three long days been engaged, the cavalry bore a comparatively small part.The Federal artillery was too powerful to permit the employment of large bodies of cavalry and although from time to time charges were made when an opportunity seemed to offer itself, the battle was fought out by the infantry and artillery.When the end came Jackson's command was for a time hors de combat.
During the long two days' march they had at least gathered corn and apples to sustain ]ife; but during these three days' fighting they had had no food whatever, and many were so weak that they could no longer march.
They had done all that was possible for men to do; had for two days withstood the attack of an enemy of five times their numbers, and had on the final day borne their full share in the great struggle, but now the greater part cou]d do no more, thousands of men were unable to drag themselves a step further, and Lee's army was reduced in strength for the time by nearly 20,000 men.All these afterward rejoined it; some as soon as they recovered limped away to take their places in the ranks again, others made their way to the depot at Warrenton, where Lee had ordered that all unable to accompany his force should rendezvous until he returned and they were able to rejoin their regiments.
Jackson marched away and laid siege to Harper's Ferry, an important depot garrisoned by 11,000 men, who were forced to surrender just as McClellan with a fresh army, 100,000 strong, which was pressing forward to its succor, arrived within a day's march.As soon as Jackson had taken the place be hurried away with his troops to join Lee, who was facing the enemy at the Antictam river.Here upon the fellowing day another terrible battle was fought; the Confederates, though but 39,000 strong, repulsing every attack by the Federals, and driving them with terrible slaughter back across the river.
Their own loss, however, had been very heavy, and Lee, knowing that he could expect no assistance, while the enemy were constantly receiving reinforcements, waited for a day to collect his wounded, bury his dead, and send his stores and artillery to the rear, and then retired unpursued across the Rappahannock.Thus the hard-fought campaign came to an end.
